Neuro

Question 1

What is Cranial Nerve V? and what is it important for?

Answer 1

Trigeminal

Mastication

Question 2

What is Cranial Nerve VII? and what is it important for?

Answer 2

Facial

Facial movement, motor to the face

Question 3

What is Cranial Nerve X? and what is it important for?

Answer 3

Vagus
Swallowing & Phonation
Velar Movement

Question 4

What is Cranial Nerve XII? and what is it important for?

Answer 4

Hypoglossus

Tongue

Question 5

If there is a lesion on Cranial V, what problems would you expect to see?

Answer 5

• increased jaw jerk reflex
• LMN damage will result in atrophy and weakness on the affected side
• Difficulty chewing

Question 6

If there is a lesion on Cranial Nerve VII what might you expect to see?

Answer 6

Drooling, difficulty keeping food in mouth during oral phase, difficulty taking food from spoon/straw, pocketing in buccal cavity on damaged side
-Bell’s palsy

Question 7

If there is a lesion to Cranial Nerve X, what might you expect to see?

Answer 7

• trouble swallowing
• trouble speaking (unable to phonate)
• hypernasality
• nasal regurgitation
• dysphagia
• paralysis of the pharyngeal constrictor
• laryngeal stridor

Question 8

If there is a lesion to Cranial Nerve XII, what might you expect to see?

Answer 8

-difficulty forming a bolus, probably residue/pocketing on damaged side

Question 9

what does decussate mean?

Answer 9

-Cross over of nerves

Question 10

Where does pyramidal decussation occur?

Answer 10

-the brainstem/medulla oblongotta

Question 11

what crosses over at the pyramidal decussation?

Answer 11

• cranial nerves & spinal nerves

- corticobulbar & corticospinal tracts

Question 12

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 12

• executive planning
• emotions
• personality
• reasoning
• judgment
• directs and inhibits us from doing stuff
• voluntary movement

Question 13

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 13

• sensation
• kinesthesia
• touch

Question 14

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 14

vision

Question 15

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 15

auditory processing

allows us to understand speech

Question 16

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 16

a bundle of fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and transmits information between the two hemispheres

Question 17

What is the function of the precentral gyrus?

Answer 17

the motor strip

Question 18

what is the function of the postcentral gyrus?

Answer 18

sensory strip

Question 19

What is aphasia?

Answer 19

• Language based disorder
• typically caused by stroke/damage to left middle cerebral artery
• trouble understanding/saying things
• broca’s aphasia=frontal lobe
• wernicke’s aphasia=temporal lobe
• higher level cortical damage

Question 20

What is dysarthria?

Answer 20

• motor based disorder
• lower motor damage
• physical weakness in the muscles

Question 21

What is apraxia?

Answer 21

• motor planning and programing

- trouble putting all the sounds together

Question 22

What is Dysphagia?

Answer 22

-trouble swallowing

Question 23

Frontal or Temporal lobe damage often leads to what kind of speech?

Answer 23

aphasia

Question 24

Cranial Nerve damage leads to what kind of speech?

Answer 24

dysarthria

Question 25

Upper motor neuron is associated with? and it consists of what?

Answer 25

- Central Nervous System | - brain and spinal chord

Question 26

Lower motor neuron is associated with? and it consists of?

Answer 26

- peripheral nervous system | - nerves

Question 27

What keeps us alive b/c it is in charge of respiration and circulation?

Answer 27

medulla oblongata

Question 28

What is Corticobulbar?

Answer 28

- innervates the brainstem/ cranial nerves - goes to the neurons and is related to speech and swallow - Information Highways sending information from brain to brainstem. It is all the cranial nerves! they are projection tracts

Question 29

What is Corticospinal?

Answer 29

information highway/projection tracts that send information from brain down the spinal cord to spinal nerves and the rest of the body.

Question 30

What receives information?

Answer 30

dendrites

Question 31

What transmits the information?

Answer 31

axon

Question 32

What is the axon covered by?

Answer 32

myelin

Question 33

What type of myelin covers the central nervous system nerves?

Answer 33

oligodendrocytes

Question 34

what type of myelin covers the peripheral nervous system nerves?

Answer 34

schwann cells

Question 35

the dendrite sends the information to?

Answer 35

The soma

Question 36

what is the part of the neuron that transmits the pulse

Answer 36

Axon

Question 37

Breaks in the Myelin Sheathe

Answer 37

nodes of ranvier

Question 38

How does the signal transfer?

Answer 38

it jumps from node to node

Question 39

What is in the End Bouton?

Answer 39

Neurotransmitters

Question 40

What is the space between the neurons?

Answer 40

synaptic cleft

Question 41

How does a neuron fire?

Answer 41

all at once

Question 42

where is the information released?

Answer 42

synaptic cleft

Question 43

what happens at the nodes of ranvier?

Answer 43

are spaces between the myelin, inside the end bouton

Question 44

Where do commands for voluntary function orginate from?

Answer 44

the cerebrum/cortex

Question 45

If there is damage to the left middle cerebral artery?

Answer 45

- aphasia - dysarthria - apraxia - dysphagia

Question 46

what does the left middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 46

those areas related to speech and swallow

Question 47

what is dorsal to the brainstem?

Answer 47

cerebellum

Question 48

what is the primary motor strip?

Answer 48

pre-central gyrus

Question 49

what is the primary sensory strip?

Answer 49

postcentral gyrus

Question 50

If you have damage to the frontal lobe, what kind of aphasia would you probably have?

Answer 50

broca's aphasia