Neuro

Question 1

Major site of production and resorption of CSF?

Answer 1

production: choroid plexus
resorption: Arachnoid villi

Question 2

_______ is found beneath the uncus in temporal lobe

Answer 2

Amygdala

Question 3

_______ separates Lenticular nucleus and thalamus

Answer 3

internal capsule

Question 4

_______ changes axis of cord/brainstem relative to cerebrum

Answer 4

cephalic flexure

Question 5

Gyrus rectus consists _____

Answer 5

only the ORBITAL GYRUS

Question 6

what does olfactory sulcus contain?

Answer 6

both olfactory bulb and tract

Question 7

isthmus of the cingulate gyrus is the transition btwn ____ and ____

Answer 7

lingual gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus

Question 8

______ is deep to uncus

Answer 8

amygdala

Question 9

superior border of parahippocampal gyrus is _____

Answer 9

hippocampal sulcus (seen on cut section)

Question 10

Insula overlies site where _____ and ______ fuse during development

Answer 10

telecephalon and diencephalon

Question 11

Cerebrum = ________ + ______

Answer 11

cerebral hemispheres + Diencephalon

Question 12

What are the divisions of Diencephalon?

Answer 12

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

Question 13

what’s the name of point of thalamic fusion across the midline?

Answer 13

intrathalamic adhesion

Question 14

_____ is the roof of the 3rd ventricle

Answer 14

stria medullaris

Question 15

hypothalamus and thalamus are separated by _____

Answer 15

hypothalamic sulcus

Question 16

______ connects hypothalamus with pituitary gland

Answer 16

infundibular stalk

Question 17

arachnoid and pia mater are collectively referred to as _______

Answer 17

leptomeninges

Question 18

what event makes epidural hematoma? subdural hematoma?

Answer 18

epidural hematoma: tear of meningeal arteries that run btwn skull and dura

subdural hematoma: tearing of bridging veins

Question 19

dural folds on its own is called ______

Answer 19

dural reflection or dural septum

Ex: falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Question 20

Space in tentorium cerebelli where brainstem passes thru is called the ______________

Answer 20

tentorial notch or tentorial incisure

Question 21

what 5 sinuses/veins drain into confluence of sinuses?

Answer 21

1. superior sagittal sinus
2. straight sinus
3. occipital sinus
4. transverse sinus X2 (R&L)

Question 22

Two pairs of vessels supply much of brain & cord

Answer 22

ICA and vertebral artery

Question 23

where are blood-brain barrier located?

Answer 23

around 3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 24

where do superficial venous system drain into? deep?

Answer 24

superficial drains into superior sagittal sinus

deep drains into straight sinus

Question 25

Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow

Answer 25

vessels constrict when↑ pressure; dilate when pressure ↓

Question 26

Myelin are membrane of _____ cell

Answer 26

Glial (memorize)

Question 27

Myelin are produced by ____ cells in CNS and _____ cells in PNS

Answer 27

CNS: oligodendroglia cells PNS: Schwann cells

Question 28

At nodes of Ranvier, there are high concentration of ____ channels

Answer 28

sodium

Question 29

what kind of receptors does "carotid body" have?

Answer 29

chemoreceptors | carotid body = common carotid and ICA and ECA

Question 30

Sensory receptors adapt; they become less sensitive to stimulus if the stimulus is maintained. An exception to that rule is _______

Answer 30

nociceptors (memorize)

Question 31

what are the 2 spinal enlargements and where are their location?

Answer 31

cervical enlargement: C5-T1 | Lumbar enlargement: L2-S3

Question 32

what's the name of the "caudal end of spinal cord?"

Answer 32

conus medullaris

Question 33

which level can we find dorsal intermediate sulcus of the spinal cord?

Answer 33

only above T6

Question 34

Out of the 5 Spinal cord laminae, which ones do we have to know? and what are they for?

Answer 34

Lamina I - relay sensory info Lamina II - substantia gelatinosa (important in pain) Lamina V - relay sensory info

Question 35

where is the spinal accessory nucleus located?

Answer 35

caudal medulla to C5

Question 36

when does the nerve exit intervertebral forament at the level of origin of an embryo?

Answer 36

3rd month

Question 37

where is lumbar puncture performed at?

Answer 37

L4-5

Question 38

at which levels can you find cauda equina nerve fibers?

Answer 38

L1/2 to end of dura at S2

Question 39

where are cells bodies of afferent neuron and efferent neurons located?

Answer 39

afferent: dorsal root ganglion efferent: CNS

Question 40

________ can inhibit motor neurons (in case of stretch reflex)

Answer 40

muscle tension (golgi tendon organ)

Question 41

what's the blood supply to the spinal cord?

Answer 41

1. vertebral artery (via radicular artery) | 2. left posterior intercostal a (via great radicular a)

Question 42

______ + _______ = posterior column nuclei

Answer 42

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

Question 43

Clarke's nucleus is equivalent to ______

Answer 43

external (or lateral) cuneate nucleus

Question 44

what makes the bump we call the olive on the medulla?

Answer 44

inferior olivary nucleus

Question 45

what makes the white matter look white?

Answer 45

myelin | so, gray matter in CNS is unmyelinated

Question 46

Definition of motor unit

Answer 46

1 motor neuron + all myofibers it innervates