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Medicine - Lizzy > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the nasal septum?

A

Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal (V1)

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2
Q

Which nerves carry taste info from the tongue?

A

VII anterior 2/3

IX posterior 1/3

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3
Q

Is the forehead spared in UMN lesions or LMN?

A

UMN lesion causes drooping of eyelid on affected side but forehead spared
The forehead is not spared in LMN lesions eg Bell’s Palsy

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4
Q

Where are the Golgi tendon organs situated?

A

Junction of skeletal muscle and tendon

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5
Q

What do the muscle spindles detect?

A

Muscle contraction and relaxation

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6
Q

What motor neurones innervate the muscle fibres of the spindle?

A

Gamma motor neurones

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7
Q

What type of muscle do gamma neurones innervate?

A

Intrafusal (muscle spindle isintrafusal muscle)

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8
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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9
Q

What are the roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

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10
Q

What is the outermost layer of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous layer, consists of sclera and cornea

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11
Q

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

A

Vascular layer, comprises choroid, ciliary body and iris

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12
Q

What does the inner layer of the eyeball consist of?

A

Retina

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13
Q

What are the extra ocular muscles?

A 
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus 
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
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14
Q

What is the innervation to the extra ocular muscles?

A

CN III all muscles except these exceptions:
CN IV superior oblique
CN VI lateral rectus

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15
Q

Via which hole does CN I enter the cranial cavity?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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16
Q

What is the action of the medial rectus?

A

Adduction

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17
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

A

Abduction

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18
Q

How long does the refractory period last for?

A

5-10ms

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19
Q

Where does decussation of fibres of the DCML system occur?

A

Medulla

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20
Q

How do you test CN II?

A

Observing pupillary constriction in response to light

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21
Q

Which CNs carry parasympathetic fibres?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

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22
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Association fibres from the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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23
Q

What vessels are key to forming the circle of Willis?

A

Vertebral and internal carotid arteries

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24
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Study These Flashcards
A

CN III, IV, VI

25
What are the function of Schwann cells and where would you find them?
Myelinate nerve cell axons in the peripheral nervous system
26
What myelinates axons of the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
27
Where are the left and right phrenic nerves formed?
Cervical plexus (C3,4,5)
28
What is the function of the tectospinal tract?
Head turning to visual stimulus
29
Which spinal tract controls muscles involved in balance and posture?
Vestibulospinal tract
30
In which lobe is Broca's area situated?
Frontal
31
In which lobe is Wernicke's lobe situated?
Temporal
32
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
Pre-central gyrus in frontal lobe
33
What is also known as Brodmann's area 44?
Broca's area
34
What is also known as Brodmann's area 4?
Primary motor cortex
35
What produces and abnormal rhythmical output in Parkinson's?
Basal ganglia
36
Where are the axons of UMNs mainly located?
Lateral white matter of spinal cord
37
Where are the mossy fibres derived from?
Many brain stem motor nuclei except the inferior ok ovary nucleus
38
What sensation info does the spinalthalamic tract carry?
Pain, temperature and crude touch
39
Is the basilar membrane of the cochlear wider at its apex or base?
Apex
40
Which section of the basilar membrane of the cochlear is sensitive to low frequencies?
The apex - it's wider | The base can't hear the bass
41
Is the middle ear cavity fluid or air filled?
Air
42
Where are the climbing fibres derived from?
Inferior olivary nucleus
43
How many rows of inner and outer hair cells are there in the cochlear?
4-5 rows of outer hairs | 1 row of inner
44
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexi in lateral ventricles
45
What are the layers of dura called?
Inner meningeal layer | Outer endosteal layer
46
What is the dorsal part of the midbrain also known as?
Tectum
47
What is the ventral part of the midbrain also known as?
Tegmentum
48
What passes via the foramen lacerum?
Internal carotid artery
49
What is the name of the midline foramen in the IVth ventricle?
Foramen of magendie
50
What does CSF flow through to get from the lateral to 3rd ventricle?
Interventricular foramen
51
What joins Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
Arcuate fascilicus
52
What is the path of the drainage of venous blood from the brain?
``` Deep cerebral veins Superficial cerebral veins Venous sinuses Internal jugular vein Subclavian vein Inferior vena cava ```
53
Where is CSF found?
Subarachnoid space and spinal canal
54
What are the functions of CSF?
Buoyancy, protection, regulates inter cranial pressure, chemical stability, clearing waste
55
Where is CSF absorbed?
Absorbed by arachnoid villi into venous sinuses
56
What is the contents of the cavernous sinus?
CNs III, IV, V1, V2, VI, internal carotid artery, pituitary gland, sphenoid sinus
57
Where do the vertebral arteries travel up the cervical vertebrae?
Transverse foramen
58
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there and how many pair section of spine?
``` 31 pairs: 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```
59
Where does the spinal cord end?
L1/L2

Medicine - Lizzy (6 decks)

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