Neuro

Question 1

Reflexes?

Answer 1

Biceps C5
Brachioradialis C6 
Triceps C7
Knee L4
Ankle S1
Blink V/VII
Gag IX/X

Question 2

Which neurons modulate reflexes from above?

Answer 2

Ipsilateral neurones descending in corticospinal tract from motor cortex

Question 3

What is the name for conduction where electrons move causing adjacent depolarisation along axon

Answer 3

Electrotonic

Question 4

what clinical use is atropine

Answer 4

Pupil dilation for eye exam

Question 5

Stigmines MOA / use?

Answer 5

Reversible AchE inhibitors

MG, glaucoma

Question 6

Sarin/organophosphates MOA?

Answer 6

Irreversible AchE inhibs

Question 7

Enteric NS plexi names / locations?

Answer 7

MyenteRIC = AuerbACHs -> musc externa for peristalsis

Submucosal = Meissner’s –> ion and water movement

Question 8

Neurapraxia PP / cause?

Answer 8

Neurapraxia

Temporary myelin sheath damage without wallerian degeneration

Caused by stretch

Question 9

Axonotmesis PP / cause?

Answer 9

Axonotmesis

Axon and myelin damaged but not the sheath so its still intact. Wallerian degen distal to blow.

Caused by crush / extreme stretch

Question 10

Neurotmesis

Answer 10

Axon, myelin and nerve sheath damaged

Whole nerve severed / avulsed

E.g. laceration

Full recov not possible

Question 11

Chance of repeat dislocation in

Answer 11

80%

Often requires bankart repair

Question 12

What is bankart?

Answer 12

Stripping of ant labrum / capsule from neck of scapula

Question 13

What is hill sachs?

Answer 13

Posterolateral humerus bony defect

Question 14

What is important to check in peripheral nerve injury?

Answer 14

Peripheral pulses / perfusion

Question 15

Winged scapula?

Answer 15

Serratus anterior (LT nerve) problem

Question 16

Flex arm at elbow causing bunching?

Answer 16

Biceps problem

Question 17

What movement is particularly affected in frozen shouldeR?

Answer 17

Adhesive capsulitis

External rotation

Question 18

How to test for impingement?

Answer 18

Empty beer can test

Question 19

External rotation versus resistance tests

Answer 19

Teres minor / infraspinatus

Question 20

Internal rotation versus resistance tests

Answer 20

Subscapularis

Question 21

Positive scarf test suggests

Answer 21

Capsulitis

Question 22

Hawkins-kennedy test

Answer 22

Impingment

Question 23

What is impingement syndrome>?

Answer 23

Impingment of tendoms of rotator cuff in subacromion space

Question 24

Symptoms / signs of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder?

Answer 24

Constant pain, worse and night / cold wather; severe causing sleep depriation

Severe decrease in ROM

External roation severely inhibited

Question 25

PP of AC of shoulder?

Answer 25

Decreased synovial fluid -> inflammation -> adhesions -> capsular thickening

Question 26

Where does PNS start?

Answer 26

Pial membrane of spinal cord

Question 27

Hypersensitivity to touch?

Answer 27

Allodynia

Question 28

Chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy likely PP?

Answer 28

Inflam

Question 29

Chronic axonal polyneuropathy likely PP?

Answer 29

Toxins e.g. DM, ETOH

Question 30

Acute polyneuritis likely PP?

Answer 30

Vasculitis

Question 31

Chronic polyneuritis likely PP?

Answer 31

Genetic

Question 32

Carpal tunnel motor weakness?

Answer 32

Thumb abduction

Question 33

UNP motor weakness?

Answer 33

Finger abduction

Question 34

Clinical ix sign for GBP?

Answer 34

Increased protein absent other changes in CSF

Question 35

What is in the anterior grey column of the spinal cord and where is it?

Answer 35

Front part of grey matter of spinal cord contains motor neurons - contains cell bodies of alpha motor neurons

Question 36

What is primary veruss secondary demyelination

Answer 36

Primary = myelin first then axon later if at all Secondary = axon first followed by myelin

Question 37

Wallerian degen PP / cause?

Answer 37

Usually crush / trauma Distal dying followed by possible regrowth

Question 38

Dying back neuropathy PP / cause?

Answer 38

Toxic or metabolic

Question 39

What is it caused when there is pathology of the nerve root?

Answer 39

Radiculopathy

Question 40

What % of gait is stance?

Answer 40

60