Neuro

Question 1

Bobath

Answer 1

=NDT - pt learns to control movement through functional activities that promote normal movement patterns, with emphasis on normal movement and rotation patterns.

Question 2

Kabat

Answer 2

based on the premise that stronger parts of the body are utilized to strengthen weaker parts - balance between antagonist and agonist muscle groups - mov patterns follow diagonals with a flexion, ext, and rotation component

Question 3

Rood

Answer 3

based on the reflex stimulus model - sensory (past and present) drives sensory input. Use of sensory stim to inhibit responses (icing, brushing), or to elicit desired reflex motor response

Question 4

Brunnstrom

Answer 4

defines synergy patterns and encourages the use of them throughout rehab

Question 5

ulnar nerve palsy

Answer 5

wasting of the hypothenar eminence

Question 6

radial nerve palsy

Answer 6

wrist drop and increased wrist flexion (radial N innervates extensors)

Question 7

corticospinal tract

Answer 7

voluntary skilled movement; damage creates positive babinski sign, absent superficial abdominal and cremasteric reflexions, and loss of fine motor/skilled voluntary movement

Question 8

reticulospinal tract

Answer 8

extramyramidal motor tract - facilitation or inhibit of voluntary reflex activity

Question 9

rubrospinal tract

Answer 9

extrapyramidal responsible for gross postural tone, activity of flexor muscles, and inhibiting extensor muscles

Question 10

tectospinal tract

Answer 10

extrapyramidal - responsible for contralateral postural muscle tone with auditory/visual stimulus

Question 11

forebrain

Answer 11

telecephalon, diacephalon

Question 12

telencephalon

Answer 12

cerbebrum, hippocampus, basal ganglia, amygdala

Question 13

diencephalon

Answer 13

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus

Question 14

midbrain

Answer 14

tectum, tegmentum

Question 15

tectum

Answer 15

superior and inferior colliculi

Question 16

tegmentum

Answer 16

cerbebral aqueduct, periaqueductal gray, reticular formation, substantia nigra, red nucleous

Question 17

hindbrain

Answer 17

metencephalon, myelencephalon

Question 18

metencephalon

Answer 18

cerebellum, pons

Question 19

myelencephalon

Answer 19

medulla oblongata

Question 20

NTM sympathetic vs. parasympathetic transmits

Answer 20

symp = norepinephrine; para= acetylcholine

Question 21

Damage to the parietal lob causes…

Answer 21

Agraphia, alexia, agnosia, impaired language comprehension

Question 22

Frontal lobe damage

Answer 22

Contralateral weakness, preservation, inattentive, Broca’s aphasia, emotional lability

Question 23

Damage to temporal region

Answer 23

Wernikes aphasia, antisocial, aggressive, difficulty with memory, inability to categorize objects

Question 24

Occipital damage

Answer 24

Homonymous hemianopisa, impaired color recognition, reading/writing impairment, cortical blindness if bilateral lobes are damaged

Question 25

Functions of the thalamus

Answer 25

Relay station for processing; thalamic pain syndrome = spontaneous pain on contralateral side of the body

Question 26

Hypothalamus functions

Answer 26

Regulating hormones; sleep, hunger, thirst & sexual behaviors

Question 27

Subthalamus functions

Answer 27

Regulating movements by skeletal muscles

Question 28

Epithalamus

Answer 28

Secretes melatonin

Question 29

Cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 29

Ataxia, hypermetria, nystagmus, poor coordination, postural reflex deficits

Question 30

What cranial N's originate in the pons? In the medulla?

Answer 30

``` 5,6,7,8 = pons 9,10,11 = medulla ```

Question 31

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia ... in which order superficial to deep? - what does pia matter form

Answer 31

Dura>arachnoid>pia | Pia = forms the choroid plexus

Question 32

2 Functional tests for meningitis

Answer 32

Brudzinski's sign = flexion of neck causes hips and pelvis to flex Kernig's sign = pain with hip flexion in combo with knee extension

Question 33

How much CSF is produced per day

Answer 33

500-700mL

Question 34

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 34

L1-2

Question 35

Big signs of hydrocephalus

Answer 35

Agitation, vomiting, headache, change in vision, incontinence, sun setting eyes (downward deviating)

Question 36

Fasciculus cuneatus and gracilis are which column?

Answer 36

DCML - proprioception, vibration, 2 point discrimination, graphesthesia Cuneatus is for the head, where gracilis and trunk and BLE

Question 37

Anterior spinothalamic tract vs. lateral spinothalamic

Answer 37

Sensory for LT and pressure vs. lateral = pain & temperature

Question 38

Corticospinal tract

Answer 38

Voluntary movement

Question 39

Brown sequard

Answer 39

Contralateral pain & temperature with ipsilateral movement/proprioception

Question 40

Endometrium

Answer 40

Innermost covering of a peripheral N

Question 41

Epineurium

Answer 41

Outermost covering of a peripheral nerve

Question 42

Peroneurium

Answer 42

Middle layer of a peripheral nerve that maintains the blood nerve barrier

Question 43

Muscle spindles and Golgi body organs

Answer 43

Respond to change in stretch - muscle spindles responde to low threshold stretch

Question 44

Innervation of ocular muscles

Answer 44

SO4, LR6 & all the rest are 3 Trochlear = 4, abducens = 6

Question 45

Taste to the anterior part of the tongue? Vs. posterior

Answer 45

Facial VII = anterior; Glossopharyngeal IX = posterior

Question 46

abdominal reflex

Answer 46

T8-L1; stroke abdominals toward umbilicus

Question 47

Corenal blink reflex

Answer 47

CN V + VII; both eyes blink with contact

Question 48

Cremasteric reflex

Answer 48

L1-2; stroke medial thigh = elevation of testicle on ipsilateral side

Question 49

Gag reflex

Answer 49

IX + X; light touch to back of throat

Question 50

Plantar reflex

Answer 50

L5-S1; stroke lateral aspect of foot = flexion of toes; opposite of babinski (toe flaring)

Question 51

deep tendon grading - what's normal? what's always abnormal?

Answer 51

2+ = normal; 0 or 4+ always abnormal