Neuro Flashcards
What is the forebrain made up of?
Telencephalon and diencephalon
What is the midbrain made up of?
Mesencephalon
What is the hindbrain made up of?
Metencephalon, myelencephalon and cerebellum
The Neural crest develops into:
The peripheral nervous system.
The neural tube develops into:
The central nervous system.
The inside of the neural tube eventually becomes:
cerebral ventricals and spinal canal.
Somites develop into:
Spinal vertebrae
What causes spina bifida?
When there is an incomplete closing of the posterior neural tube.
What is it called when there is an absence of a major portion of the brain, skull and sculp resulting from the anterior neural tube failing to close?
Anencephaly
What are the 8 stages of cortical development?
- Neural proliferation
- neural migration
- Neural differentiation
- Axonal growth
- Dendritic growth
- Synaptogenesis
- Myelination
- Neuronal death
Describe neural proliferation:
- begins with neural tube closure,
- new cells born in ventricular zone,
- exponential division creating daughter cells,
- most neurons produced prenataly
When does somal translocation occur and why?
Somal translocation occurs during the 2nd stage of cortical development. This is when non-dividing cells migrate from the ventricular zone to the marginal zone. Somal translocation is described as the neuron climbing a rope by winding around and hoisting itself up.
The brain and spinal cord are the most protected organs in the body, encased by bone and three membranes called the meninges.
Name all three meninges and briefly describe each structure.
(sculp, skull, dura mater …)
Dura Mater: first protective layer, it has a leather like substance,
Arachnoid Mater: spider web like second layer. - between the arachnoid and pia mater is a subarachnoid space that contains large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid.
Pia Mater: very thin 3rd protective layer.
