Neuro Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Oculomotor
- Trochlear
- Trigeminal
- Abductens
- Facial
- Vestibulocochlear
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
- Accessory
- Hypoglossal
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve and what are their functions?
- Ophthalmic
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
What is the function of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
Provides sensory info from the scalp, forehead, upper sinuses, cornea
(top of face)
What is the function of the Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
Provides sensory info from lower eyelid, middle sinuses, nasal cavity, roof of mouth, upper lip
(middle of face)
What are the functions of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Sensory to the outer ear, lower mouth, front + middle of tongue, lower jaw + lip, chin
Motor to jaw muscles (chewing) and inner ear muscles
What is the function of the Olfactory nerve?
Provides sensory info to the brain about olfaction
What is the function of the optic nerve?
Provides sensory info involving vision
What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?
Motor (somatic) - extrinsic muscles around the eye and the upper eyelid muscle. Allows for visual tracking
Motor (visceral) - parasympathetic innervation of ciliary muscles and constrictor papillae to dilate/constrict the eye (aids in accomodation and pupillary light reflexes)
What is the function of the trochlear nerve?
Motor to the superior oblique muscle (downward and inward eye movements)
What is the function of the abductens nerve?
Motor to the lateral rectus muscle (moving eyeball outwards)
What are the branches and functions of the facial nerve?
Greater petrosal nerve - supplies lacrimal gland (tears), nasal cavity, and all four sinuses
Chorda tympani - supplies sublingual and submandibular glands (salivary), sensory to taste from tip of the tongue (anterior 2/3)
Other - motor to the stapedius muscle (inner ear), muscles for facial expression
Passes through the stylomastoid foramen
What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Sensory info about hearing and balance from the inner ear
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Sensory to sinuses, throat, middle ear, posterior 1/3 of tongue,
Motor to skeletal muscles involved in swallowing (stylopharyngeus muscle)
Forms the pharyngeal plexus along with the vagus nerve (X)
What is the function of the vagus nerve?
Sensory (somatic) - sensations from skin behind the ear, ear canal, and parts of the throat
Sensory (visceral) - sensations from the larynx, oesophagus, lungs, trachea, heart, GI tract
Motor - Muscles in pharynx, larynx, soft palate, heart, GI tract
What is the function of the accessory nerve?
Motor to the sternocleinomastoid muscle in the neck (rotate, flex, extend shoulders + neck)
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
Motor to muscles of the tongue
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system and what do they consist of?
- Central Nervous System (CNS) - Consists of brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Connects the CNS to the rest of the body
What are the two divisions of the motor nervous system and what do they do?
- Somatic - Controls skeletal muscle and sensory surface organs (e.g. skin) (voluntary)
- Autonomic - Controls involuntary muscles (smooth + cardiac muscle)
Into what can the autonomic nervous system be further divided?
- Sympathetic NS - controls activities which increase energy expenditure
- Parasympathetic NS - Controls activities which decrease energy expenditure
- Enteric NS - Controls activities of the digestive system
Which cranial nerves have sensory innervation, and which have motor innervation?
- sensory
- sensory
- motor (para)
- motor
- both
- motor
- both (para)
- sensory
- both (para)
- both (para)
- motor
- motor
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