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COMLEX 1 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is regulated by hypothalamus

A 
TAN HATS
Thirst/water balance
Adenohypophysis
Neurophypophysis
Hunger
Autonomic nervous system
Temperature
Sexual urges
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2
Q

lateral nucleus of hypothalamus

A

HUNGER

stimulated by GHRELIN, inhibited by LEPTIN

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3
Q

lateral nucleus of hypothalamus destruction

A

anorexia, failure to thrive (infants)

LATERAL makes you LEAN

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4
Q

ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

A

SATIETY

stimulated by LEPTIN

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5
Q

ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus injury

A

ex: craniopharyngioma
-> HYPERPHAGIA
VentroMedial injury makes you Very Massive

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6
Q

anterior nucleus of hypothalamus

A

cooling, parasympathetic

A/C cools off

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7
Q

posterior nucleus of hypothalamus

A

heating, sympathetic

Hot Pot

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8
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus

A

circadian rhythm

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9
Q

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

A

synthesize ADH and oxytocin (stored and released by posterior pituitary)

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10
Q

preoptic nucleus

A

thermoregulation, sexual behavior

releases GnRH

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11
Q

failure of GnRH-producing neurons to migrate from olfactory pit

A

Kallmann syndrome

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12
Q

ventral postero-lateral nucleus of thalamus input

A

spinothalamic and dorsal columns/medial lemniscus

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13
Q

ventral postero-lateral nucleus of thalamus senses

A

Vibration, Pain, Pressure, Proprioception, Light touch, temperature

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14
Q

ventral postero-lateral nucleus of thalamus destination

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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15
Q

ventral postern-medial nucleus of thalamus input

A

trigeminal and gustatory pathway

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16
Q

ventral postern-medial nucleus of thalamus senses

A

Face sensation, taste

Makeup goes on the FACE

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17
Q

ventral postern-medial nucleus of thalamus destination

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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18
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus input

A

CN II, optic chasm, optic tract

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19
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus senses

A

vision

Lateral = Light

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20
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus destination

A

calcarine sulcus

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21
Q

medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus input

A

superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum

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22
Q

medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus senses

A

hearing

Medial = Music

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23
Q

medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus destination

A

auditory cortex of temporal lobe

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24
Q

ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus input

A

basal ganglia, cerebellum

25
ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus senses
motor
26
ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus destination
motor cortex
27
frontal lobe lesion
disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, judgment; may have reemergence of primitive reflexes
28
frontal eye fields lesion
``` eyes look TOWARD (destructive) side of lesion in seizures (irritative), eyes look away from side of lesion ```
29
paramedian pontine reticular formation lesion
eyes look away from side of lesion | ipsilateral gaze palsy (inability to look toward side of lesion)
30
medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion
internuclear ophthalmoplegia - impaired adduction of ipsilateral eye, nystagmus of contralateral eye with abduction Multiple sclerosis
31
dominant parietal cortex lesion
agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right orientation | Gerstmann syndrome
32
non dominant parietal cortex lesion
agnosia of the contralateral side of the world | hemispatial neglect syndrome
33
hippocampus (bilateral) lesion
anterograde amnesia - inability to make new memories
34
basal ganglia lesion
may result in tremor at rest, choria, athetosis | Parkinson disease, Huntington disease
35
sub thalamic nucleus lesion
contralateral hemiballismus
36
mammillary bodies (bilateral) lesion
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - Confusion, Ataxia, Nystagmus, Ophthalmoplegia, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes
37
amygdala (bilateral) lesion
Kluver-Bucy syndrome - disinhibited behavior (e.g. hyperrhagia, hyper sexuality, hyperorality) HSV-1 encephalitis
38
dorsal midbrain lesion
Parinaud syndrome - vertical gaze palsy, pupillary light-near dissociation, lid retraction, convergence-retraction nystagmus stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma
39
reticular activating system (midbrain) lesion
reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (e.g. coma)
40
cerebellar hemisphere lesion
intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance; damage to cerebellum -> ipsilateral defects; fall toward side of lesion
41
red nucleus lesion
decorticate (flexor) posturing - lesion above red nucleus, presents with flexion of UE and extension of LE Decerebrate (extensor) posturing - lesion at or below red nucleus, presents with extension of UE and LE
42
cerebellar vermis lesion
truncal ataxia (wide-based, drunken sailor gait), dysarthria
43
contralateral paralysis and sensory loss - face and upper limb aphasia OR hemineglect
middle cerebral artery
44
contralateral paralysis and sensory loss - lower limb, urinary incontinence
anterior cerebral artery
45
contralateral paralysis absent cortical signs (neglect, aphasia, visual field loss) contralateral somatosensory ?
lenticulostriate artery | LACUNAR INFARCTS
46
contralateral paralysis - upper and lower limbs decreased contralateral proprioception ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction (tongue deviates ipsilaterally)
anterior spinal artery | MEDIAL MEDULLARY SYNDROME
47
dysphagia, hoarseness, decreased gag reflex vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus decreased pain/temp from contralateral body & ipsilateral face Ipsilateral Horner syndrome Ipsilateral ataxia, dysmetria
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery | LATERAL MEDULLARY/WALLENBERG SYNDROME
48
paralysis of face decreased lacrimation, decreased salivation, decreased taste from anterior 2/3 tongue decreased pain/temp sensation from contralateral body, ipsilateral face ipsilateral Horner syndrome ataxia, dysmetria Ipsilateral sensorineural deafness, vertigo
anterior inferior cerebellar artery | LATERAL PONTINE SYNDROME
49
preserved consciousness quadriplegia: loss of voluntary facial, mouth, and tongue movements loss of horizontal, but not vertical, eye movements
basilar artery | LOCKED-IN syndrome
50
contralateral hemianopia w/ macular sparing | Alexia without agraphia
posterior cerebral artery
51
ACom compression
bilateral hemianopia - visual acuity deficits
52
ACom rupture
contralateral LE hemiparesis, sensory deficits
53
MCA rupture
contralateral UE and lower facial hemiparesis, sensory deficits
54
PCom compression
ipsilateral CN III palsy -> mydriasis, ptosis, 'down and out' eye
55
simple partial seizure
consciousness intact | motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic
56
complex partial seizure
impaired consciousness | automatisms
57
absence seizure
3Hz spike and wave discharges, no postictal confusion, blank stare - tx: ethosuximide
58
myoclonic seizure
no loss of consciousness or post-ictal brief jerking movements Tx: lamotrigine, levetiracetam, topiramate, valproic acid
59
tonic-clonic seizure
alternating stiffening and movement | tx: lamotrigine, levetiracetam, topiramate, valproic acid

COMLEX 1 (14 decks)

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