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A&P Speech Language Pathology- Neuro > Neuro A&P > Flashcards

Neuro A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Telodendria

A

the fibers at the end of the axon with a button at the end

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2
Q

Axon Hillock

A

funneling pathway for electrochemical messages

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3
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

associated with reasoning, planning, speech movement, emotions, and problem-solving

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4
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes

A

makes proteins

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5
Q

Ischemic / Thrombosis

A

“traditional” stroke caused by clogged artery

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6
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A

mini warning stroke

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7
Q

Subthalamus

A

houses the nuclei whose fibers project in many areas

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8
Q

Hemorrhage

A

rupturing of the blood vessel

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9
Q

the warning signs of a stroke

A
  • numbness or weakness in the face, arms, or leg
  • trouble speaking / understanding
  • trouble walking; dizziness
  • A severe and sudden headache
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10
Q

Aneurysm

A

a balloon in the blood vessel caused by high pressure resulting from a blockage

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11
Q

Cerebrum

A

-gray matter superior to white matter

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12
Q

Central Nervous System

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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13
Q

Satellite Cells

A

PNS

in prenatal development, these cells direct the neurons to locals of the body

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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

a delivery system for protein and waste removal

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15
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

primary visual cortex

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16
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

a thick band of neural fibers connecting the hemispheres

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17
Q

Wernicke`s area/aphasia

A

The understanding of language.

  • fluent speech that lacks syntactic structure
  • words don`t make sense and may contain neologisms
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18
Q

Vertebral Basilar System

A

The vertebral artery merges to form the basilar artery and joins back together at the circle of Willis.
PCA

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19
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

divides the temporal and frontal/parietal lobes

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20
Q

Central Sulcus

A

divides the frontal and parietal lobes

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21
Q

Oligodendrites

A

CNS

produce myelin

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22
Q

Neuroglia Cells

A

support and protect nerve cells

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23
Q

Broadmann`s area 1-3

A

primary sensory cortex

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24
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

divides the left and right hemisphere

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25
Broca`s area/aphasia
- the nonfluent halting of ungrammatical speech - the difficulty with naming but may be able to produce initial sounds - strong auditory comprehension
26
Broadmann`s area 4
primary motor cortex
27
Astrocytes
CNS connective tissue that links the nerve cells to blood vessels and forms the blood and brain barrier as well as supports the development of neurons
28
Cerebellum
coordination of motor movements and regulation of equilibrium and body posture
29
Areas of the frontal lobe
prefrontal premotor motor cortex
30
Axon
efferent motor based pathway
31
Parietal Lobe damage
dominant (left) side = issues with language comprehension | non-dominant side = issues with spatial orientation, selective attention, visual neglect
32
Parietal Lobe
perception of all sensory information
33
Brodmann's Area 41-42
primary auditory cortex
34
Broadmann`s area 17
primary visual cortex
35
Ependymal Cells
CNS | the lining of the CSF filled ventricles of the brain and spinal cord
36
Hypothalamus
- autonomic and endocrine - pituitary gland - emotional behavior - regulation of body temperature, hunger response, sexual behavior, and sleep pattern
37
Microglia
CNS | Scavenger and cleaner cells
38
Epithalamus
pineal gland - regulation of circadian rhythm
39
Carotid Vascular System
ACA MCA common carotid
40
Temporal Lobe
associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli = understanding of spoken language
41
Arcuate Fasciculus
bundle of white matter fibers that connect Broca`s and Wernicke`s areas
42
Brainstem
Midbrain Pons Medulla
43
Midbrain
the link between the cerebral hemisphere, CNS, and PNS
44
Pons
descending motor fibers and ascending sensory fibers
45
Medulla
descending motor fibers and ascending sensory fibers
46
Corpus Striatum
putamen caudate globus pallidus
47
Lentiform
globus pallidus | putamen
48
Striatum
putamen | caudate nucleus
49
Thalamus
- the gray matter that lies on either side of the third ventricle - relays sensory input for conscious awareness - perception of crude aspects of pain, temp, and touch
50
Active transport
ion pumps move sodium and potassium ions against the gradient
51
Oral Apraxia
the deficit in the ability to perform nonspeech oral gestures
52
Dyspraxia
dysfunction of motor planning in absence of muscular weakness
53
UUMN Dysarthria
Spastic signs contralateral for tongue and lower facial muscles
54
Hypertonia
increased muscle tone
55
Hyperreflexia
loss of inhibition of reflexes
56
Spastic Dysarthria
caused by bilateral damage to the upper motor neurons of direct and indirect pathways
57
Fasciculations
twitching
58
Hypotonia
low muscle tone
59
Flaccid Dysarthria
low muscle tone caused by damage to lower motor neurons
60
Dysarthria
any disorder arising from paralysis, muscular weakness, and or discoordination of speech muscles
61
Golgi Tendon Organs
sense muscle tension
62
Neurotransmitter
a substance that causes either excitation or inhibition of another neuron
63
Axon Charging
``` myelin = negative nodes = positive ```
64
Aphasia
disruption of language
65
Channel Proteins
passive transport allows specific ions to pass through the membrane of a cell
66
Voltage sensitive proteins
passive transport gate keepers that open to adequate electrical stimuli
67
Concentration Gradient
Used in ABR test | When charged particles move they create an electrical current that can be measured
68
Electrochemical Gradient
established using electrical charge and molecule density
69
Synapse
the point of union between neurons
70
Autonomic Nervous System
provides neural control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular secretory cells or a combination of these

A&P Speech Language Pathology- Neuro (7 decks)

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