neuro - appendix b

Question 1

Or brain has a multitude of cell and tissue types. A simplified classification is to proclaim it as:

Answer 1

White or Gray Matter

Question 2

Accumulations of neuron cell bodies and dendrites make up ______ matter

Answer 2

gray

Question 3

Neuron axons constitute most of the ______ matter

Answer 3

white

Question 4

Thin layers of ______ make up the “cortex” of the cerebrum and cerebellum forming the outer surface

Answer 4

Grey matter

Question 5

The massive inner white matter is often broken up by small accumulations of gray matter called ______ (or _______)

Answer 5

nuclei (or basil ganglia)

Question 6

As in all ______ our brain is hollow; having a series of interconnected ______.

Answer 6

Chordates; ventricles

Question 7

The ventricles of the brain are filled with _____.

Answer 7

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the _____, and will eventually escape through the apertures of the ______ to surround the brain.

Answer 8

ventricles, fourth ventricle

Question 9

Our brain weighs ______, and nearly floats in an inner and outer “waterbath” of protection.

Answer 9

2.5-3 pounds

Question 10

The Brain Stem includes the:

Answer 10

Pons, Medulla oblongata, and Midbrain

Question 11

The ______ has an inferior stem-like structure, with an abundance of cranial nerve pairs near or extending out from it.

Answer 11

Medulla oblongata (M.O.)

Question 12

The medulla oblongata has two important ventral surface landmarks, what are they?

Answer 12

The olives, and the bilateral pyramids

Question 13

The medulla oblongata is vital for life-maintaining functions such as:

Answer 13

breathing and cardiovascular control

Question 14

The _______ Contains ALL ascending and descending neuron fibers associated with the spinal cord.

Answer 14

Medulla Oblongata (M.O.)

Question 15

This structure is located just superior to the M.O., and has a distinct ventral bulge:

Answer 15

PONS

Question 16

Cranial nerve pair #___ appears dramatically on the lateral surface of the pons.

Answer 16

V

Question 17

The ____ and the ____ both form the ventral wall of of the fourth brain ventricle.

Answer 17

M.O., PONS

Question 18

Among other functions, the Pons is well adapted as a(n) ______ and _____ center between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.

Answer 18

integration, relay

Question 19

The small area surrounding the cerebral aqueduct.

Answer 19

Midbrain

Question 20

the ____ is a distinct passageway for cerebrospinal fluid between the 3rd and 4th ventricles.

Answer 20

cerebral aqueduct

Question 21

The _____ is the area posterior to the aqueduct, which includes two superior and inferior colliculi.

Answer 21

Tectum

Question 22

________ to the aqueduct are the bilateral bulges called the cerebral peduncles.

Answer 22

Ventral

Question 23

The midbrain coordinates subtle reflexes dealing with:

Answer 23

Head movements in seeing and hearing

Question 24

The CP (peduncles) are full of important ______ ______ orientated fibers

Answer 24

descending motor

Question 25

The ______ is simply a fluid filled space bonded by the thalamus and hypothalamus laterally.

Answer 25

third ventricle

Question 26

The _____ is a neuron relay center, and also has control over many autonomic and endocrine functions.

Answer 26

Diencephalon

Question 27

The "flower" at the top of the "brainstem"

Answer 27

Telencephalon

Question 28

The right and left brain hemispheres are largely divided by the _________

Answer 28

longitudinal cerebral fissure

Question 29

Each brain hemisphere is subdivided into four major lobes:

Answer 29

Frontal, Parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 30

What are the Pseudolobes?

Answer 30

Limbic, Insular, and piriformis

Question 31

Each hemisphere has an outer thin cortex of _____ and an inner mass of ______ matter, along with with centrally located grey masses called basal ganglia.

Answer 31

Grey, White

Question 32

The largest brain lobe, which makes up 35% of the cerebrum

Answer 32

Frontal Lobes (R/L)

Question 33

Name the major gyri of the frontal lobe

Answer 33

Precentral Gyrus, superior/middle/inferior frontal gyri

Question 34

The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by the:

Answer 34

Central Sulcus

Question 35

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the:

Answer 35

Lateral Cerebral Sulcus (sylvian Sulcus)

Question 36

The _______ is full of neuron axons that connect R and L cerebral hemispheres.

Answer 36

corpus callosum

Question 37

Structures connecting equivalent halves of the CNS are often termed:

Answer 37

Commissures

Question 38

Our frontal lobes are best known for their role as both ________ centers and as _________ centers.

Answer 38

thought elaborating, voluntary motor initiating

Question 39

The inferior parietal lobule is primarily made up of the _______ and _______ gyri

Answer 39

supramarginal, angular

Question 40

Within the ______ lobe, one feels sensation types modalities. (light/deep touch, pain, temperature changes, and kinesthetic input)

Answer 40

Parietal

Question 41

Relatively small lobes with indistinct lateral and inferior boundaries:

Answer 41

Occipital Lobes (Rt/Lt)

Question 42

Sight and memory of past sight experience are received, built up, stored, and associated in this lobe:

Answer 42

Occipital

Question 43

Other lobes are dependent of transfer from the _____ lobe for proper function.

Answer 43

Occipital

Question 44

The temporal lobes are divided into distinct:

Answer 44

superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri

Question 45

functions of the temporal lobes include:

Answer 45

auditory reception, interpretation, and memory centers

Question 46

Much of our behavior control mechanism is tied up along the medially located _______ formation

Answer 46

hippocampal

Question 47

The medial aspect of the temporal lobe is separated from the frontal lobe by the:

Answer 47

deep sylvian (lateral) sulcus

Question 48

The _____ is a significant olfactory interpretation area. (located within the temporal lobe)

Answer 48

Uncus

Question 49

A posterior enlargement located just dorsal to the pons and medulla:

Answer 49

Cerebellum

Question 50

The "hindbrain"

Answer 50

rhombencephalon

Question 51

The hindbrain includes:

Answer 51

the cerebellum, the MO, and the pons

Question 52

the fluid filled space between the pons, medulla, and cerebellum is known as:

Answer 52

the fourth brain ventricle

Question 53

The cerebellum is separated from the occipital lobe by a space, and a membrane called _______

Answer 53

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 54

The tentorium cerebelli membrane is in a fissure called the _______

Answer 54

horizontal cerebral fissure

Question 55

the ______ plays a major role in maintaining muscle tone, and in seeing that our voluntary movements are effective.

Answer 55

Cerebellum