Neuro: Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Gapapentin, Tiagabine, Vigabatrin Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neuro: Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Gapapentin, Tiagabine, Vigabatrin Deck (12)
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1
Q

Many narrow-spectrum anti-epileptics can ______________ generalized seizures (such as carbamazepine).

A

worsen/exacerbate

2
Q

Carbamazepine, in addition to being used for focal seizures, is used for ______________.

A

trigeminal neuralgia (a condition of usually unilateral, electric-shock like pain that lasts for a few seconds but repeats)

3
Q

What kind of seizures can carbamazepine treat?

A

Focal (think of the waitress shaking just her arm)

4
Q

What are the side effects of carbamazepine?

A
  • Diplopia (misaligned headlights)- Ataxia (falling stack) - SIADH (guy with water cup on his head in the car) - Leukopenia (hour glass with falling grains) - CYP inducer - Teratogenesis (spider on guy’s shirt and neural exhaust tube)- DRESS syndrome (eosinophilia represented on dress with pink dots) - SJS (driver with mask)
5
Q

What is the mechanism of carbamazepine and phenytoin?

A

Binds to and prolongs the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels

6
Q

The side effects of phenytoin include ____________.

A
  • diplopia (headlights crossed)- nystagmus - ataxia (falling burger stack)- low folate (salad – foliage –falling onto hood of TOw truck)- gingiva hyperplasia (bubble gum expanding)- hirsutism (hairy beard) - lupus (the tow truck driver’s wolf companion)- DRESS eosinophilia (pink dots on DRESS)- SJS (guy whose car is getting towed removing mask –also more common in the HLA B1502 phenotype)- teratogenicity (cleft hat bill) - CYP inducer - osteoporosis (cracked bone axle)
7
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

Continuous seizures without breaks –treat with IV benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, and phenytoin

8
Q

True or false: gabapentin activates GABA channels.

A

False! They close voltage-gated calcium channels (“GrAB A PiNT” ice-cream truck with closed calci-yum door)

9
Q

What are the indications of gabapentin?

A
  • post-herpetic neuralgia (Zeus –representing zoster –on the ice cream truck)- diabetic neuropathy (diasweeties with the frayed wire on the side of the truck)- narrow-spectrum anti-convulsant
10
Q

Side effects of gabapentin include ______________.

A

ataxia (stack of ice cream falling over)

11
Q

What is the mechanism of vigabatrin?

A

It inhibits GABA transaminase, thereby increasing amounts of GABA in the CNS (the GABA cab getting raised to have its TRANSmission service).

12
Q

What is the mechanism of tiagabine?

A

It blocks GABA reuptake channels, leading to increased CNS levels of GABA (the tie stuck in the GABA cab getting lifted).