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Nursing 5: Test 2 > Neuro Concept > Flashcards

Neuro Concept Flashcards

0
Q

Base Vs High Neuron Function

A
  1. Base or minimal neuron function is to tested w/ “Simple Commands”
  2. High Neuron function is tested w/ “Complex Commands”
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1
Q

Simple Command Vs. Complex

A
  1. Simple commands do not cross any cortex
    - Opening eyes is a “Simple Command”
  2. Complex Commands cross cortex
    - Squeeze my right hand is a “complex command”
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2
Q

Symmetry in Neuro

A
  1. If anything happens on one side it should happen on the other side
  2. Asymmetry usually shows a problem
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3
Q

Frontal Lobe

A
  1. “Mom” - Tells you what to do and “no”
  2. Alcohol at .05 causes loss of inhibition in frontal lobe
  3. Personality (Both learned and genetic)
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4
Q

Frontal Lobe

-If Injury occurs

A
  1. Inappropriate behavior

2. May walk down the street naked not knowing its wrong

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5
Q

Frontal Lobe

-Dementia

A
  1. Pts w/ Dementia lose their frontal lobe when the brain shrinks so the brain can preserve the survival parts of the brain
  2. This causes a loss of inhibition and filter in dementia patients
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6
Q

Frontal Lobes

-Contralateral Control

A
  1. The Right pre-central gyrus controls the left side

2. The left pre-central gyrus controls the right side

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7
Q

Frontal Lobes

-Pre-Central Gyrus Neurons

A
  1. The neurons located in the pre-central gyrus are known as upper motor neurons
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8
Q

Temporal Lobe

-Wernicke’s Area

A
  1. Reception and interpretation of speech

- Ex: Do you understand what I am telling you

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9
Q

Temporal Lobe

-Wernicke’s Aphasia

A
  1. Im going to the kredistan to get a prebble.. want one?

- Person talks but it comes out not making any sense

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10
Q

Temporal Lobe

-Jargon Aphasia

A
  1. “Ca, ca, ca, ca CAH

2. Stuttering

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11
Q

Temporal Lobe

-Superior Temporal Gyrus

A
  1. Interprets what you are hearing ( Higher cortical Function
  2. Tested by:
    - Coins jingling in your pocket
    - Clicking a pen
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12
Q

Temporal Lobe

-Loss of Smell or Inhibition Could Mean?

A
  1. A meningioma displacing olfactory nerve (CN1) could cause:
    - Loss of smell
  2. If there is loss of inhibition the area affected could be the baso-orbital frontal lobe)
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13
Q

Temporal Lobe

-Jamais Vu

A
  1. Familiar place becomes totally unfamiliar
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14
Q

Illusions

A
  1. Distortion of an ongoing stimuli (Something is there)
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15
Q

Hallucinations

A
  1. Seeing or hearing something that is NOT there
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16
Q

Temporal Lobe

-Injury Manifestations?

A
  1. Where are you? helps assess injury to temporal lobe
  2. Inability to interpret sounds & speech
  3. Convoluted speech. Makes sense to person but comes out crazy
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17
Q

Temporal Lobe

-4 F’s

A
  1. Self-Preservation and preservation of species “ANS”
  2. Fight or Flight
  3. Feeding & Fertility
18
Q

Temporal Lobe

-Sexual Function (Dopamine)

A
  1. Dopamine plays major part in pleasure centers and sexual function
  2. SSRI’s increase serotonin which is inversely related to dopamine
    - Pt may have low levels of Dopamine decreasing sexual function & pleasure
19
Q

Parietal Lobe

-Proprioception

A
  1. Knowing where you are in space even with eyes closed.
    - Proprioception is learned and developed
  2. “LEARNED”
  3. Babies learn that their mom will return even when she disappears from view
20
Q

Parietal Lobe

-Double Stimuli

A
  1. Injury to parietal lobe will cause someone to only feel one stimuli even if 2 are present at the same time
21
Q

Parietal Lobe

-Children and Body Neglect

A
  1. Kids will always neglect their body and will recognize touch on the face
  2. DON”T start assessment with head of face. Start with body
22
Q

Parietal Lobe

-Neglect Syndrome in Adults

A
  1. Someone with Right sided parietal lobe damage will neglect the left side of their body and not recognize it as self. It will be a foreign object.
23
Q

Parietal Lobe

-Graphesthesia

A
  1. Ability to recognize numbers when written on the palm of the hand.
    - Tattoos may give a false negative
24
Q

Cerebellum

-Controls What?

A
  1. Coordination
  2. Synergy
  3. Balance
  4. Equilibrium
  5. Muscle Tone
25
Q

Cerebellum

-Romberg Test

A
  1. Stand up with feet together and close the eyes

2. If problem is present, Pt will sway back and forth “Poor Balance”

26
Q

Cerebellum

-Lighting on an Object

A
  1. Close your eyes and touch your finger to your nose
27
Q

Cerebellum

-Ways to Test Cerebellum Function

A
  1. Romberg Test
  2. Tandem Walk
  3. Lighting on an object
  4. Rapid alternating movements
  5. Look for puppet-like movements
28
Q

Cerebellum

-Truncal Ataxia

A
  1. Wide staggering gait
29
Q

Cerebellum

-Dysdiadochokinesia

A
  1. Inability to make rapid alternating movements
30
Q

Cerebellum

-Dysmetria

A
  1. Inability to light on an object

- Ex: touching nose with finger

31
Q

Cerebellum

-Dysarthria

A
  1. “scanning speech”

- Inability to find the right words

32
Q

Cerebellum

-Dz that contribute to Cerebellum Damage

A
  1. MS **
  2. Down Syndrome
  3. Spinocerebellar Ataxia
33
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

A
  1. Cardiorespiratory Center
    - C2, C3 “Hangman’s Fracture = Death”
  2. Ascending Reticular Activating system
34
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

-CN II & III

A
  1. Optic & Occulomotor DO NOT Regenerate
35
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

-Papilledema

A
  1. Swelling of the optic disk
    - Usually means there is brain swelling
    - Can also be caused by High BP
36
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

-PERRL”A”

A
  1. Accommodation
37
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

-Argyll Robertson Pupil

A
  1. ## Pupil that will accommodate over and over but will not react to light
38
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

-CN III, IV, VI

A
  1. Follow my finger (Extra-ocular movements)

- End-positional nystagmus

39
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

-CN V

A
  1. Trigeminal

2. Corneal Reflex- Pt blinks when cornea is touched

40
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

-CN VII

A
  1. Facial
  2. Test for Bells Palsy - Paralysis of facial muscles
    - Smile, puff cheeks, frown
41
Q

Brainstem “Bulb”

-Bells Palsy

A
  1. Caused by the virus usually goes away after virus is removed
    - Also consider borrelia burgdorferi
42
Q

Bell’s Palsy

-Pt Education

A
  1. The symptoms will go away between 7 and 28 days when virus clears
43
Q

Neurogenesis

A
  1. Statins & Anti-Depressants boost Neurogenesis

Nursing 5: Test 2 (3 decks)

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