Neuro CORE - Sheet1 Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
dural ectasia associations
A
NF-1 and Marfans
2
Q
fracture plane extending through all 3 vertebral columns
A
Chance
3
Q
Contents: foramen ovale
A
CN V3, accessory meningeal artery
4
Q
Contents: foramen rotundum
A
CN V2 (“R2V2”)
5
Q
Contents: Superior Orbital Fissure
A
CN 3, CN 4, CN VI, CN6
6
Q
Contents: Inferior Orbital Fissure
A
CN V2
7
Q
Contents: Foramen Spinosum
A
Middle Meningeal Artery
8
Q
Contents: Jugular Foramen
A
Jugular Vein, CN 9, CN 10, CN 11
9
Q
Contents: Hypoglossal Canal
A
CN 12
10
Q
Contents: Optic Canal
A
CN 2, and Opthalmic Artery
11
Q
Contents: Foramen Lacerum
A
emissary veins
12
Q
MRI signal: HIV encephalitis vs. PML
A
- HIV Encephalitis is symmetric (T2 bright, Tl normal)
* PML is asymmetric (T2 bright, Tl dark)
13
Q
Thallium: Toxo vs. lymphoma
A
Toxo = thallium cold, Lymphoma = thallium hot
14
Q
Longitudinal vs. transverse t-bone fx: commonest
A
longitudinal is more common
15
Q
Longitudinal vs. transverse t-bone fx: associated injuries
A
long: ossicular dislocation, trans: vascular injury (carotid/jugular)
16
Q
Longitudinal vs. transverse t-bone fx: facial n. damage
A
more common in trans
17
Q
Longitudinal vs. transverse t-bone fx: hearing loss
A
long: conductive, trans: sensorineural
18
Q
Tumors! NF-1
A
Optic Nerve Gliomas
19
Q
Tumors! NF-2
A
MSME; Multiple Schwannomas, Meningiomas, Ependymomas
20
Q
Tumors! VHL
A
Hemangioblastoma (brain and retina)
21
Q
Tumors! TS
A
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma, Cortical Tubers
22
Q
Tumors! nevoid basal cell syndrome (gorlin)
A
Medulloblastoma
23
Q
Tumors! Turcot
A
GBM, Medulloblastoma
24
Q
Tumors! Cowden
A
Lhermitte-Dulcos (Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma)
25
Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: ACOM
Interhemispheric Fissure
26
Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: PCOM
Ipsilateral Basal Cistern
27
Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: MCA trifurcation
Sylvian Fissure
28
Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: basilar tip
Interpeduncular Cistern, or Intraventricular
29
Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: PICA
Posterior Fossa or Intraventricular
30
When I say "cervical kyphosis", you say
NF- 1
31
When I say "lateral thoracic meningocele," you say
NF- 1
32
When I say "bilateral optic nerve gliomas," you say
NF-1
33
When l say "bilateral vestibular schwannoma," you say
NF-2
34
When I say "retinal hamartoma," you say
TS
35
When I say "retinal angioma," you say
VHL
36
When I say "brain tumor with restricted diffusion," you say
lymphoma
37
When l say "brain tumor crossing the midline," you say
GBM (or lymphoma)
38
When I say "Cyst and Nodule in Child," you say
Pilocystic Astrocytoma
39
When I say "Cyst and Nodule in Adult," you say
Hemangioblastoma
40
When I say "multiple hemangioblastoma," you say
Von Hippe! Lindau
41
When l say "Swiss cheese tumor in ventricle," you say
central neurocytoma
42
When I say "CN3 Palsy," you say
posterior communicating artery aneurysm
43
When I say "CN6 Palsy," you say
increased ICP
44
When I say "Ventricles out of size to atrophy," you say
NPH
45
When I say "Hemorrhagic putamen," you say
Methanol
46
When I say "Decreased FDG uptake in the lateral occipital cortex," you say
Lewy Body dementia
47
When I say "TORCH with Periventricular Calcification," you say
CMV
48
When l say "TORCH with hydrocephalus," you say
Toxoplasmosis
49
When I say "TORCH with hemorrhagic infarction," you say
HSV
50
When I say "Neonatal infection with frontal lobe atrophy," you say
HIV
51
When I say "Rapidly progressing dementia + Rapidly progressing atrophy," you say
CJD
52
When I say "Expanding the cortex," you say
Oligodendroglioma
53
When I say "Tumor acquired after trauma (LP)," you say
Epidermoid
54
When l say "The Palate Separated from the Maxilla/Floating Palate," you say
LeFort 1
55
When I say "The Maxilla Separated from the Face" or "Pyramidal" you say
LeFort 2
56
When l say "The Face Separated from the Cranium," you say
LeFort 3
57
When I say "Airless expanded sinus," you say
mucocele
58
When I say "DVA," you say
cavernous malformation nearby
59
When I say "Single vascular lesion in the pons," you say
Capillary Telangiectasia
60
When l say "Elevated NAA peak," you say
Canvans
61
When l say "Tigroid appearance," you say
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
62
When I say "Endolymphatic Sac Tumor," you say
VHL
63
When l say "T 1 Bright in the petrous apex," you say
Cholesterol Granuloma
64
When I say "Restricted diffusion in the petrous apex," you say
Cholesteatoma
65
When I say "Lateral rectus palsy + otomastoiditis," you say
Grandenigo Syndrome
66
When I say "Cochlea and semicircular canal enhancement," you say
Labrinthitis
67
When l say "Conductive hearing loss in an adult," you say
Otosclerosis
68
When I say "Noise induced vertigo," you say
Superior Semicircular Canal dehiscence
69
When I say "Widening of the maxillary ostium," you say
Antrochonal Polyp
70
When I say " Inverting papilloma," you say
squamous cell CA (10%)
71
When l say "Adenoid cystic," you say
perineural spread
72
When I say "Left sided vocal cord paralysis," you say
look in the AP window
73
When I say "bilateral coloboma," you say
CHARGE syndrome
74
When I say "Retinal Detachment + Small Eye" you say
PHPV
75
When I say "Bilateral Small Eye," you say
Retinopathy of Prematurity
76
When I say "Calcification in the globe of a child," you say
Retinoblastoma
77
When I say "Fluid-Fluid levels in the orbit," you say
Lymphangioma
78
When I say "Orbital lesion, worse with Valsalva," you say
Varix
79
When I say "Pulsatile Exophthalmos," you say
NF- I and CC Fistula
80
When I say "Sphenoid wing dysplasia," you say
NF-I
81
When I say "Scimitar Sacrum," you say
Currarino Triad (Scimitar sacrum is pathognomonic for anterior sacral meningocele, one part of the triad)
82
When I say "bilateral symmetrically increases T2 signal in the dorsal columns," you say
B 12 (or HIV)
83
When I say "Owl eye appearance of spinal cord," you say
spinal cord infarct
84
When I say "(smooth) Enhancement of the nerves root of the cauda equina," you say
guillain barre
85
When I say "Subligamentous spread of infection," you say
TB
86
etiology of Sturge Weber
maldeveloped draining veins
87
all phakomatosis except this 1 are AD
Sturge Weber (NF I, NF -2, TS, and VHL are AD)
88
Most Common Primary Brain Tumor in Adult
= Astrocytoma
89
tumor that Calcifies 90% of the time
Oligodendroglioma
90
benign normal variant that can show restricted diffusion in a ventricle
Choroid Plexus Xanthogranuloma
91
T1 bright pituitary
Pituitary Apoplexy
92
T2 bright pituitary
Rathke Cleft Cyst
93
calcified pituitary
craniopharyngioma
94
CP Angle - Invades Internal Auditory Canal
= Schwannoma
95
CP Angle - Invades Both Internal Auditory Canals
= Schwannoma with NF2
96
CP Angle- Restricts on Diffusion
= Epidermoid
97
Peds - Arising from Vermis
Medulloblastoma
98
Peds- 4th ventricle "tooth paste" out of 4th ventricle
Ependymoma
99
Adult myelination pattern on MR is seen at what age
TI at I year, T2 at 2 years
100
what regions are myelinated at birth?
Brainstem and posterior limb of the internal capsule
101
what 2 CNs are not in the cavernous sinus (but are close by)
CN2 and CNV3
102
what variant vessel increases risk of aneurysm?
persistent trigeminal artery (vertebral to carotid)
103
Subfalcine herniation can lead to infarct in what territory
ACA infarct
104
ADEM lesions will NOT involve the
calloso-septal interface.
105
Post Radiation changes don't start for
2 months (there is a latent period).
106
first thing that atrophies in AD
Hippocampal atrophy is first with Alzheimer Dementia
107
most common TORCH
CMV
108
toxo abscess: diffusion?
Toxo abscess does NOT restrict diffusion
109
which low grade tumors can enhance?
JPA and Ganglioglioma can enhance and are low grade
110
most common single fracture
nasal bone
111
most common fracture pattern
ZMC complex/tripod
112
Supplemental oxygen can mimic
SAH on FLAIR
113
most common location for hypertensive hemorrhage
putamen
114
hyperacute (<6hr) stroke MRI findings
Restricted diffusion without bright signal on FLAIR
115
Enhancement of a stroke: Rule of 3s
starts at day 3, peaks at 3 weeks, gone at 3 months
116
Most Common systemic vasculitis to involve the CNS
PAN
117
most common type of crainosynostosis
Scaphocephaly
118
Piriform aperture stenosis is associated with
hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis issues.
119
most common primary petrous apex lesion
Cholesterol Granuloma
120
absence of the bony modiolus in 90% of cases
Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome
121
The main vascular supply to the posterior nose is
the sphenopalatine artery (terminal internal maxillary artery).
122
Sjogrens gets what unusual lymphoma
Sjogrens gets salivary gland lymphoma
123
Most common intra-occular lesion in an adult
Melanoma
124
how long is nerve root enhancement normal after surgery?
6 weeks
125
what if you see nerve root enhancement > 6 weeks after surgery?
it's arachnoiditis
126
most important factor for outcome of traumatic cord injury
hemorrhage in the cord
127
Currarino Triad:
Anterior Sacral Meningocele, Anorectal malformation, Sarcococcygeal osseous defect
128
most common type of spinal AVF
Type I Spinal AVF (dural AVF) is by far the more common.
129
Herpes spares the
Herpes spares the basal ganglia (MCA infarcts do not)
130
Nuc med scan positive in esthesioneuroblastoma
Octreotide scan will be positive for esthesioneuroblastoma
131
Nuc med scan positive in Warthins tumor
pertechnetate
132
symmetric restricted diffusion in bilateral hippocampi
hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (other commonly affected areas are the deep gray nuclei and cortex)
133
ddx (4) enhancing, intradural/extramedullary lesion
meningioma, schwannoma, neurofibroma, or metastatic disease.
134
most common benign tumor in the submandibular and parotid gland?
Benign Mixed Tumor (An easy way to remember the incidence of benign mixed tumor is that the percentage is large in the largest gland (80% in parotid), smaller in the mid-sized gland (50% in submandibular gland) and small in the smallest gland (20% in sublingual gland).)
135
mylohyoid muscle
mylohyoid muscle
136
Globus pallidus symmetric T2/FLAIR hyperintensity
CO poisoning (+ white matter hyperintensity)
