Neuro drugs Flashcards by Hettie Stevens

Benzocaine

Atypical LA
0% ionised, no amine group
(hydrophobic pathway only)

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QX-314

Atypical LA
100% ionised
(not used clinically, needs to be put into cells)

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Lidocaine
Bupivacaine
Prilocaine
Tetracaine
Articaine

Clinically used LAs

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Buprenorphine

Partial MOP agonist

So antagonises effects if full agonist present, or otherwise just less potent agonist

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Naloxone

MOP antagonist

Morphine/heroine overdose treatment

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Codeine

Prodrug to morphine

some people lack enzyme needed for effectiveness

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Fentanyl

Synthetic analogue of morphine

100x more potent

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Methadone

Maintenance therapy for opioid addiction

Blocks heroine’s euphoric effect

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Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Enflurane
Desflurane

General anaesthetics
Inhaled
Halogenated ethers

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Propofol

General anaesthetic
IV
(rapid, pronapping)

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Nitrous oxide

General anaesthetic

Inhaled

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Thiopental

General anaesthetic
IV
Barbituate
(truth serum)

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Ketamine

General anaesthetic
IV
NMDA receptor antagonist

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Etomidate

General anaesthetic

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Suxamethonium

Depolarising neuromuscular blocker

Inactivates Na channels, bind to nicotinic receptor

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Attracurium
Veruconium
Pancuronium

Non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker

Antagonise nicotinic receptor

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Levodopa

Parkinson’s
Dopaminergic agent
- give with decarboxylase inhibitor

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Selegiline

Parksinson’s

MAO-B (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor

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Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine
Ethopropazine

Parkinson’s

Anticholinergic

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Amantadine

Parkinson’s

Antiviral

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Memantine

Parkinson’s

NMDA receptor antagonist

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Interferons

Glatiramer

Multiple sclerosis

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Fingolimod

Multiple sclerosis

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor inhibitor

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Dimethylfumarate

Multiple sclerosis

Transcription factor

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Teriflunomide

Multiple sclerosis | Anti-inflammatory immunosuppressant

Natalizumab | Alemtuzumab

Multiple sclerosis | Monoclonal antibody therapy

Amphetamine | Atomoxetine

Obesity | - impulse control

Phenothiazines - chlorpromazine | Butyrophenones - haloperidol

Typical antipsychotics | D2 antagonists

Clozapine | Risperidone

Atypical antipsychotics | 5-HT2 (serotonin) and D2 antagonists

Aripriprazole

Atypical antipsychotic | 5-HT2 (serotonin) and D2 partial agonist

Morphine/heroin

μ opioid receptor (MOP) - > reduce GABA inhibition of dopamine neurones - disinhibition - > induces feelings of euphoria

Cocaine

Stimulant | Block dopamine reuptake, so stimulate nucleus accumbens

Amphetamine/methamphetamine

Stimulant Dopamine release, and block dopamine reuptake -> nucleus accumbens stimulation

MDMA

5HT (serotonin) release, inhibits 5HT reuptake | -> nucleus accumbens stimulation

Tetrahydrocannabinol

= THC, in cannabis | CB1 receptors

Ketamine

NMDA antagonist | - reduced glutamate activity to interneurones, so can't have inhibitory effect on nucleus accumbens

Nicotine

Dopamine release to nucleus accumbens

Ethanol

Increased inhibition of GABA inhibition to dopamine neurones | - so increased dopamine release to nucleus accumbens

Antihistamines

Hypnotics

Benzodiazepines Z drugs - Zopiclone Barbituates - phenobarbitone

Anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives

Sertraline Citralopram Fluoxetine

SSRIs

Venlafaxine

SNRI

Nitrazopam Loprazolam Zolpidem Diazepam

Benzodiazepines | Anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives

Flumazenil

Benzodiazepine antagonist

Buspirone

Anxiolytic | 5HT1a partial agonist

Propanolol

Anxiolytic (for peripheral symptoms) | β adrenoreceptor antagonist

Carbamezapine Phenytoin (only emergency as many side effects) Lacosamide

Anti-epileptic drug | Focal epilepsy

Lamotrigine Levetriacetam Valproate

Anti-epileptic | Both focal and generalised epilepsy

Ethosuximide Clonazepam Piracetam

Anti-epileptic | Generalised epilepsy

Lorazepam immediate | then Phenytoin

In convulsive status epilepticus

Benzodiazepines Barbituates Sodium valproate

AEDs | Enhance GABA transmission at GABAa receptors

Vigabatrin | Sodium valproate

AEDs | Reduce GABA breakdown

Tiagabine

AED | Inhibit GABA reuptake

AMPA antagonists - perampanel | NMDA antagonists - felbamate

AEDs | Reduce GABA transmission

Carbamezepine Phenytoin Valproate

AEDs | Block voltage-gated sodium channels

Ethosuximide Sodium valproate Gabapentin

AEDs | Block voltage-gated calcium channels

Iproniazid Phelenzine Tranylcypromine Moclobemide

Typical antidepressants | MAOIs

Amitriptyline Desipramine Clomipramine

Typical antidepressants | TCAs

Fluoxetine

Typical antidepressant = prozac SSRI

Reboxetine

Typical antidepressant | SNRI

``` Venlafaxine Trazedone Nefazodone Mirtazapine Agomelatine ```

Atypical antidepressants | Mixed action

Lithium

Mood stabilising drug | manic episodes

Donepezil Galantamine Rivastigmine

Alzheimer's therapy | Cholinesterase inhibitors

Memantine

Alzheimer's therapy | Partial NMDA receptor antagonist

Neuro drugs Flashcards

(64 cards)