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USAHS Neuroanatomy Test 3 > Neuro Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Neuro Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

Lies on banks of calcarine fissure in the occipital lobe

  • Cuneus (“wedge”)
  • Lingula (“little tongue”)
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2
Q

Cuneus, “wedge” (Primary Visual Cortex)

A

Portion of medial occipital lobe above calcarine fissure

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3
Q

Lingula, “little tongue” (Primary Visual Cortex)

A

Portion of medial occipital lobe below calcarine fissure

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4
Q

Upper portion of optic radiation projects to… (Primary Visual Cortex)

A

Superior bank of calcarine fissure

-Upper-bank lesions = contralateral inferior quadrant defects

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5
Q

Lower portion of optic radiation projects to… (Primary Visual Cortex)

A

Inferior bank of calcarine fissure

-Lower-bank lesions = contralateral superior quadrant defects

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6
Q

Midbrain

A

Vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wake cycles, alertness, and temperature regulation

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7
Q

Reticular Formation (midbrain)

A

Arousal and consciousness

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8
Q

Substantia Nigra (midbrain)

A

Eye movement, motor planning, reward-seeking, learning, and addiction (produces dopamine).

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9
Q

Red Nucleus (midbrain)

A

Seen in Rostral Midbrain; controls basic body and limb movements

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10
Q

Tectum

A

Auditory and visual reflexes; dorsal (ceiling) of midbrain closer to cerebellum

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11
Q

Tegmentum

A

Blocks unwanted movement; ventral (floor) of midbrain closer to pons; houses the Reticular Formation

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12
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Arousal and consciousness

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13
Q

Cerebral Aquaduct

A

Separates the tectum and tegmentum, and is surrounded by periaqueductal grey
-Primary control center for descending pain info and threatening stimuli modulates pain

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14
Q

Superior Colliculi (brainstem, midbrain)

A

Vision

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15
Q

Inferior Colliculi (brainstem, midbrain)

A

Hearing/auditory

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16
Q

Brainstem is composed of…

A

Midbrain: Tectum & tegmentum
Pons: Respiratory rhythm with medulla,, REM sleep)
Medulla Oblongata: Involuntary (autonomic functions) ex. vomiting, sneezing, etc (cardiovascular and respiratory regulation)
-Cranial Nerve Nuclei Long Tracts: Pass through
-Reticular Formation: Arousal, attention, sleep, awareness

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17
Q

Rostral Midbrain

A
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18
Q

Caudal Midbrain

A
19
Q

Rostral Pons

A
20
Q

Rostral Medulla

A
21
Q

Dorsolateral Pathway

A
  • Projects to parietal-occipital association cortex

- The “where” information (motion and spatial analysis)

22
Q

Ventral pathway

A
  • Projects to occipitotemporal association

- The “what” information (analyzing form, color, faces, letters)

23
Q

Visual Processing Pathways

A
24
Q

Don’t forget to draw your visual fields! If you stop at the eye then you will get confused.

A
  • Lateral stay lateral

- Medial cross over at the optic chiasm

25
Q

CN III

A
  • Moves eyes upward, downward, and medially
  • Innervates superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus
  • Disorder: ptosis (drooping), loss of pupillary reflex
26
Q

CN IV

A
  • Moves eyes inward and downward
  • Innervates superior oblique
  • Disorder: unable to look downward & inward, eyes not aligned: might have double vision
27
Q

CN VI

A
  • Abducts the eyes
  • Innervates lateral rectus
  • Disorder: cannot abduct eyes, may have medial squint
28
Q

CN VII- facial nerve

A
  • Controls the muscles of facial expression
  • Taste sensation for anterior ⅔ of the tongue, lacrimation, and salivation
  • Disorder: ipsilateral paralysis or weakness of facial muscles (Bell’s Palsy)
29
Q

Ptosis: Horner’s Syndrome

A

Upper eyelid droops over eye

30
Q

Miosis (Horners Syndrome)

A

Excessive shrinking/constriction of pupiL

31
Q

Anhidrosis (Horners Syndrome)

A

Absence of sweating in face

32
Q

Enophthalmos (Horners Syndrome)

A

Sinking of eyeball into cavity that protects eye

33
Q

Scotoma Random Spot Lost

A

Damage to retina and is negative phenomena (loss of vision)

-Positive phenomena would be added to vision like double vision

34
Q

Hearing Tests (image)

A
35
Q

Hearing Tests (image 2)

A
36
Q

3 Semicircular Canals

A

Detect angular acceleration and rotational movement of head and space (detected by crista ampullaris sensory receptor)

37
Q

Cupula

A

Shifts opposite way from where we turn head (keeps the balance)

38
Q

Otoliths: Utricle vs Saccule

A

Both provide info about acceleration

  • Utricle more sensitive to horizontal acceleration (riding in car)
  • Saccule more sensitive to vertical acceleration (riding in elevator) UH SV
39
Q

Sensory receptor for otoliths- Macula

A

Within otoliths there are otoconia (crystals that when travel outside otoliths, someone can have BPPV)

40
Q

Reticular Formation

A
  • Occupies anterior part of brainstem (medulla, pons, midbrain, hypothalamus, and thalamus)
  • Responsible for promoting arousal and consciousness.
41
Q

Rostral Portion

A

-Regulates alertness and state of consciousness; (pontomesencephalic);
Level of consciousness AAA in order
-Alertness: brainstem and arousal circuits,
-Attention: additional processing in frontoparietal association cortex
-Awareness: subjective and personal experience

42
Q

Caudal Portion

A
  • Motor, reflex, autonomic function
  • Motor tracks arise in brainstem;
  • Circulatory heart rate and blood pressure mediate by solitarius nucleus
  • Respiration under automatic control located in medulla-automatic and voluntary (lesion here-you die)
43
Q

Decorticate Positioning due to Brain Trauma

A
  • Above rostral reticular formation; stiff with legs straight, fits clenched, arms bent and held at chest
  • Causes TBI, brain bleed or tumor, pathologies such as Reye syndrome, malaria, encephalitis
  • COR=arms brought to core
44
Q

Decerebrate Positioning due to Brain Trauma

A

Below reticular formation; pointed toes, backward tilt to head and neck
-Lots of E’s=arms extended rather than flexed; worst of the two

USAHS Neuroanatomy Test 3 (6 decks)

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