Neuro Exam study

Question 1

define: Ganglion

Answer 1

a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 2

define: nerve

Answer 2

bundle of axon in the PNS

Question 3

define: nerve plexus

Answer 3

network of nerves

Question 4

define: funiculus

Answer 4

group of tracts in a specific area of the spinal cord

Question 5

define: pathway

Answer 5

centers and tracts that connect the CNS with the body organs and systems

Question 6

define: Gyri

Answer 6

a ridge or fold between 2 clefts on the cerebral surface in the brain

Question 7

define: Sulci

Answer 7

A depression or groove in the cerebral cortex

Question 8

define: Fissure

Answer 8

a groove, natural division, or deep furrow in the brain

a large sulci

Question 9

define: tract

Answer 9

a collection of nerve fibers in the CNS

Question 10

define: Nerve

Answer 10

a collection of nerve fibers in the PNS

Question 11

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#1

Answer 11

olfactory

Question 12

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
# 5

Answer 12

trigeminal

Question 13

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#6

Answer 13

Abducens

Question 14

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#12

Answer 14

Hypoglossal

Question 15

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#2

Answer 15

Optic

Question 16

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#3

Answer 16

Oculomotor

Question 17

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#10

Answer 17

Vagus

Question 18

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#4

Answer 18

Trochlear

Question 19

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#11

Answer 19

Accessory

Question 20

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#9

Answer 20

glossopharyngeal

Question 21

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#7

Answer 21

Facial

Question 22

Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#8

Answer 22

Acoustic (vestibulocochlear)

Question 23

The central nervous system is the integrative and control center of the nervous system which includes the ____ and the _____.

Answer 23

Brain and spinal cord

Question 24

All other nerves that are not the CNS=?

Answer 24

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 25

of the PNS define: | Afferent system

Answer 25

(sensory neurons) carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli TOWARDS the CNS and brain

Question 26

what are the 2 different types of afferent fibers? and where are they located?

Answer 26

Afferent system: somatic---> surface of the body Visceral---> internal parts of the body

Question 27

of the PNS define: | Efferent system

Answer 27

(motor neurons) carry neural impulses AWAY from the CNS and towards muscles

Question 28

what are the 2 different types of efferent fibers? and where do they provide innervation?

Answer 28

Efferent system: somatic---> to skeletal muscles visceral--->to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands (Autonomic nervous system)

Question 29

efferent visceral nerves can be categorized into 2 different groups. define them:

Answer 29

Parasympathetic: rest and digest Sympathetic: fight or flight

Question 30

Define: Schwann cells

Answer 30

cells in the PNS that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons

Question 31

Define: Myelin

Answer 31

Sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord

Question 32

Define: Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 32

gaps in myelin sheath

Question 33

Define: Ogliodendrocytes

Answer 33

myelin production in CNS

Question 34

Define: Astrocytes

Answer 34

maintenance of blood brain barrier

Question 35

What are the 4 regions of the brain

Answer 35

Cerebrum Cerebellum Diencephalon Brainstem

Question 36

What is the function of the Cerebrum?

Answer 36

``` (contains cerebral cortex) sensory processing olfaction language and communication learning and memory ```

Question 37

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 37

coordinates voluntary movements

Question 38

What is white matter made up of?

Answer 38

Myelinated axons (also called tracts)

Question 39

what is gray matter made up of?

Answer 39

``` Cell bodies (dendrites and glia) (unmyelinated axons) ```

Question 40

What comprises the Diencephalon (4)

Answer 40

Pineal gland Thalamus Hypothalamus pituitary gland

Question 41

What is the function of the Pineal gland

Answer 41

``` produces hormones (ex. Melatonin) involved in the sleep cycle ```

Question 42

what is the function of the Thalamus

Answer 42

relay station | sensory/motor signals to cerebral cortex

Question 43

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 43

Control center of the endocrine system

Question 44

What is the function of the pituitary gland

Answer 44

secretes hormones into the blood stream

Question 45

What separates the hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 45

the longitudinal fissure

Question 46

what connects the hemispheres of the brain

Answer 46

the corpus collosum

Question 47

what is the function of the corpus callosum

Answer 47

enables communication between hemispheres of the brain

Question 48

What is the most common form of neuron

Answer 48

interneuron (95%)