Neuro Exams Flashcards
(27 cards)
Introduces the concept of behavioral states and “optimal” scores. Includes a summary section and overall optimality score
The Neurological Examination of the Full-term Newborn Infant 2nd Edition (Prechtl 1977)
Designed to assess clinically observable components of neurologic and behavioral organization, including active and passive movements, muscle tone, reflexes, and orientation to visual and auditory stimuli 37-42 weeks GA. 20 test items. 20-30 min.
ENNAS- Einstein Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale (Kutzberg et al. 1979)
Preterm and term infants
Derived from the original NBAS and adapted to assess the behavioral functioning of preterm infants along 5 subsystems: autonomic, motor, state, attentional-interactive, and self-regulation plus examiner facilitation (81 scores summarized to 6). Additionally, 204 assessment scores summarized to 26. Examination takes up to 1 hour, certified training required.
APIB (Als, Lester, Tronick & Brazelton 1982)
Preterm infants, at-risk and full term infants from birth to 1 month post term
Designed to record early development and to detect subtle motor differences. Assessment categories: muscle tone, developmental motor abilities, neurological reflexes and reactions, reaction to movement and fixing, oral-motor behavior, visual and auditory attention, adaptability and neuromotor outcome rating.
NBI-Neuromotor Behavioral Inventory (Gorga et al. 1988)
Preterm and term infants (0-3 years)
Designed to reflect gestational maturation and to provide a quantitative assessment of neonatal neurobehavior. Standardized on 54 health term infants and 298 high risk infants. ~15 min to administer and score.
NNE- Neonatal Neurobehavioral Examination (Morgan et al. 1988)
High risk infants (including preterm infants)
Neurobehavioral examination designed to assess the differential maturity of medically stable preterm infants between 32 weeks GA and term equivalent age, with normative data for this same age bracket. This assessment uses a strictly invariant sequence of test items with 41 items and 30 summary activities. 30 minutes. Training via video tape and reliability by qualified teacher.
NAPI- Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (Korner & Thom 1990)
Preterm Infants
Observational assessment takes at least 60-90 minutes- recording naturally occurring behaviors, before, during, and after a care-giving procedure. It is designed to assess and infant’s functional status and thresholds of stability of state, motor, and autonomic subsystems.
NONB- Naturalistic Observations of Newborn Behavior (Als 1995)
Preterm and term infants
Extensively used as both an assessment and intervention tool. Includes 28 behavioral, 18 reflex, and 7 supplementary items, administered in packages, habituation; motor-oral; truncal; vestibular; and social interactive. Many of other behavioral assessments derived from this one. 10-15 min.
NBAS-Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale 3rd edition (Braxelton& Nugent 1995)
Healthy term infants until end of 2nd month post birth
Neurological assessment that includes 35 items clustered into 10 domains. Predictive validity improvs in the term infant with repeated assessment. Predictive of long term neurological outcome in preterm infants. 5 minutes.
ATNAT-Amiel-Tison Neurological assessment at term (Amiel-Tison 2002)
Preterm and term infants
Designed to evaluate the neurological integrity, behavioral functioning, and responses to stress or abstinence in high-risk infants. 45 items are clustered into state dependent “packages” for administration in a relatively invariant order. Based on the NBAS, published norms for healthy term infants and substance-exposed infants. 20-30 minutes.
NNNS- NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (Lester & Tronick 2004)
Term and preterm infants (particularly substance exposed infants)
Neurological examination for preterm infants, consisting of 24 items divided into neurological, movement, and responsiveness subgroups. ~15 min.
Preemie-Neuro (Daily and Ellinson 2005) Preterm infants (from birth) aged 25-37 weeks gestation
Observation of infant in prone, supine, sitting, and standing. 10-30 min. Strong correlation with Bayley and Peabody, 0-18 months, norm, gross motor
AIMS
Therapist administers items in standardized procedure, 20-60 min, 1-42 months, gross and fine motor, norm.
BSITD-III
Preterm to 4 months, criterion, gross motor. Infants’ spontaneous movements with no stimulation are filmed and scoring completed from videotape.
GMA
30-60 min, therapist observes and administer items, 0-12 months, criterion, gross motor and fine motor. Muscle tone, reflexes, autonomic reactions and volitional
MAI
1 month-6 years, criterion, gross and fine motor, therapist observes and administers items, 10-30 min
NSMDA
0-5 years, norm, gross and fine motor, therapist administers items in standardized procedure, 30-60 min
PDMS-2
Therapist observes infant and then administers elicits items in standardized procedure, 20-40 min, 32 weeks PMA to 4 months, norm, gross motor. Observation of movement and elicited items to assess postural control and function.
TIMP
Therapist administers elicited items in standardized procedure, 25-30 min, 2-12 months, criterion, gross and fine motor. Posture and fine motor control and function
PFMAI
4-42 months, norm, gross motor, fine motor. Mobility, stability, motor organization and atypical movement. Therapist observes infant and parent/caregiver is used to encourage movement. 15-55 min.
TIME
Core Measures of Developmental Care
1) Healing environment
2) Partnering with families
3) Positioning and handling
4) Safeguarding sleep
5) Minimizing stress and pain
6) Protecting skin
7) Optimizing nutrition
Tactile
Reacts at 8 weeks and is functional at 12
Vestibular
2nd, 10-14 weeks
Olfactory
3rd, 7-12 weeks
