Neuro - extra Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the trinucleotide repeat in Huntington’s disease?
CAG
What anatomical structures are involved in a subdural haemorrhage?
results from bleeding of damaged bridging veins between the cortex and venous sinuses
What cranial nerve lesion would a right-sided parotid tumour cause?
Extracranial lesion of right facial nerve
Sciatic nerve pain + absent ankle reflex –> where is the vertebral lesion?
- Ankle jerk reflex –> L5-S1
- Sciatic nerve –> L5
What vertebral level is the bifurcation of the aorta?
(point where the abdominal aorta splits into the right and left common iliac arteries)
L4
What is the MOA of Carbamazepine?
Bind to & block voltage-gated sodium channel channels and thus takes longer for the neurone to depolarise –> increases their refractory period
What opening transmits the facial nerve into the temporal bone?
Internal acoustic meatus
What eye condition (redness, pain) are contact lens wearers at an increased risk of & what is the causative organism?
Bacterial keratitis
- Pesudomonas aeruginosa
(Contact lens wearing is also associated with acanthamoeba infection)
What neurotransmitters are prodminantly affected in Huntingon’s disease?
ACh and GABA
- results in degeneration of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the striatum of the basal ganglia
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the jaw jerk reflex?
V3
- The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) carries the motor fibres responsible for the efferent limb of the jaw jerk reflex.
- This reflex is a monosynaptic reflex that tests the integrity of the trigeminal nerve and its central connections.
Which area of the brain undergoes necrosis in Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
necrosis of mammillary bodies and periventricular haemorrhage
Some cranial nerves are motor, some sensory and some are both.
What is a useful mnemonic to remember which cranial nerves have what function?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most
- S = sensory
- M = motor
- B = both
What is the afferent limb & efferent limb for the following cranial nerve reflexes?
- Corneal
- Jaw jerk
- Gag
- Carotid sinus
- Pupillary light
- Lacrimation
Nervous system embryology?
In which part of the hypothalamus is ADH secreted?
Supraoptic nucleus
What features would a parietal lobe lesion have?
- sensory inattention
- apraxias
- astereognosis (tactile agnosia)
- inferior homonymous quadrantanopia (PITS)
- Gerstmann’s syndrome (lesion of dominant parietal): alexia, acalculia, finger agnosia and right-left disorientation
What features would an occipital lobe lesion have?
- homonymous hemianopia (with macula sparing)
- cortical blindness
- visual agnosia
What features would a temporal lobe lesion have?
- Wernicke’s aphasia: this area ‘forms’ the speech before ‘sending it’ to Brocas area. Lesions result in word substituion, neologisms but speech remains fluent
- superior homonymous quadrantanopia (PITS)
- auditory agnosia
- prosopagnosia (difficulty recognising faces)
What features would a frontal lobe lesion have?
- expressive (Broca’s) aphasia: located on the posterior aspect of the frontal lobe, in the inferior frontal gyrus. Speech is non-fluent, laboured, and halting
- disinhibition
- perseveration
- anosmia
- inability to generate a list
What features would a lesion in the cerebellum cause?
- midline
- hemisphere
- midline lesions: gait and truncal ataxia
- hemisphere lesions: intention tremor, past pointing, dysdiadokinesis, nystagmus
What area of the brain is affected in Huntington’s chorea?
Striatum (caudate nucleus) of the basal ganglia
What area of the brain is affected in Parkinson’s disease?
Substantia nigra of the basal ganglia
What structure is the roof of the oral cavity formed oof?
The maxilla bone and the horizontal plane of palatine bone
Which nerve is responsible for the cremasteric reflex?
Genitofemoral nerve
