NEURO: first aid 2015 pg 455-459

Question 1

what is athetosis? lesion in? seen in what?

Answer 1

writhing, snake-like movement

• BG
• Huntington

Question 2

bilateral atrophy of caudate and putamen seen in which?

Answer 2

Huntington

Question 3

what is dystonia?

Answer 3

substained, involuntary muscle contractions

Question 4

treatment of essential tremor

Answer 4

BB, primidone

Question 5

intentional tremor, lesion in what?

Answer 5

cerebellum

Question 6

lists the tremor(s) alleviated by intentional movement

Answer 6

resting tremor and intentional tremor

essential is worsened with movement

Question 7

myoclonus is common in which metabolic abnormalities

Answer 7

renal and liver failure

Question 8

Patient with Hemiballismus. Lesion in which? ipsi or contralateral?

Answer 8

contralateral subthalamic nucleus

Question 9

Hemiballismus caused by what kind of stroke?

Answer 9

lacunar

Question 10

Lists symptoms of parkinson disease (5 of them)

Answer 10

TRAPS
Parkinson TRAPS your body:
Tremor (pill-rolling tremor at rest)
Rigidity (cogwheel)
Akinesia (or bradykinesia)
Postural instability
Shuffling gait

Question 11

(contralateral or ipsilateral) proprioceptive information from spinal cord travel to cerebellum through ____ ?

Answer 11

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 12

Input from (contralateral or ipsilateral) cortex to cerebellum through ____ ?

Answer 12

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 13

output: Cerebellum to cortex through ____ ?

Answer 13

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 14

patient has damage to lateral lobes of cerebellum. what are the symptoms?

Answer 14

fall towards injured sides

xxx voluntary movement extremities xxx

Question 15

Patient with truncal ataxia. which part of cerebellum

Answer 15

vermis, fastigial nuclei, or flocculonodular lobe

Question 16

1. bilateral motor deficits of axial and proximal limb mucles
2. extremities

Answer 16

1. midline structures

2. lateral lesions

Question 17

List the deep nuclei in cerebellum

Answer 17

Don’t Eat Greasy Food

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigal

Question 18

circardian rhythm which nucleus

Answer 18

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 19

describe the pathway of melatonin release

Answer 19

SCN–> NE –> pineal gland –> Melatonin

Question 20

Extraocular movements during REM sleep is due to activity of what?

Answer 20

PPRF

paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center

Question 21

List the causes that decrease REM

Answer 21

alcohol, benzo, barbituates, norepi

Question 22

why does depression has total REM increased?

Answer 22

decreased NE

Question 23

when stage of sleep does bedwetting occur? and what other 2 patho occurs in that stage too?

Answer 23

Stage N3 (Delta)
others: sleep walking, night terrors

Question 24

what are the difference between nightmares and night terrors?

Answer 24

nightmare in delta non REM

night terrors in REM (Thats why you remember)

Question 25

Treatment of night terrors

Answer 25

BDZ

Question 26

treatment of sleepwalking

Answer 26

BDZ

Question 27

treatment of sleep enuresis

Answer 27

oral desmopressin ADH analog

Question 28

Bruxism, which stage

Answer 28

"You grind your teeth like spindles and complexes in most amount of time" - Sleep spindles and K complexes. - which is stage N2 (45% = most amount of time)

Question 29

What happen in REM - eyes - motor - brain O2 - pulse and BP

Answer 29

-eyes: REM -motor: loss -brain O2: increased -pulse and BP: increased and variable - sex arousal -dream "BRAIN ON BODY OFF"

Question 30

List the stages of sleep

Answer 30

``` at night, BATS Drink Blood Beta Alpha Theta Sleep spindles and K complexes Delta Beta ```

Question 31

where do you see Beta

Answer 31

eyes open and REM

Question 32

highest f, lowest A

Answer 32

B

Question 33

lowest f, highest A

Answer 33

Delta | slow and big

Question 34

T or F | Thalamus relay for all ascending sensory information

Answer 34

F | NOT olfaction

Question 35

VPL | input?

Answer 35

Spinothalamic and DC | to 1o ss cortex

Question 36

where does trigeminal and gustatory pathway go?

Answer 36

VPM

Question 37

LGN is for?

Answer 37

light

Question 38

MGN is for

Answer 38

Music hearing Superior olive + inferior colliculus of tectum --> MGN --> auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Question 39

Motor info to which part of thalamus

Answer 39

VL

Question 40

What part of thalamus is affected in W-Korsakoff?

Answer 40

Ant + Dorsomedial thalamus

Question 41

what's the famous 5 F's of limbic system

Answer 41

Feeding, fighting, fleeing, feeling, Sex

Question 42

T or F | olfaction is closely linked to limbic system

Answer 42

T

Question 43

You correct hyponatremia too quickly...what patho?

Answer 43

Central pontine myelinolysis

Question 44

what about correct high to low too quickly?

Answer 44

cerebral edema/ herniation

Question 45

what is pseduobulbar palsy and give one example of syndrome associated with it

Answer 45

Pseudobulbar palsy is CN 9,10,11 affected but not their actual nuclei. Just their axons are demyelinated. symptoms: head and neck muscle weakness, dysphagia, dysarthria DDx: Bulbar palsy: nuclei of 9,10,11

Question 46

describe the NTs change in Huntington

Answer 46

Increased DA | Decreased GABA and Ach

Question 47

Huntington Genetics

Answer 47

AD Trinucleotide repeat on chr 4

Question 48

Huntington patients are usually misdiagnosed for what?

Answer 48

substance abuse

Question 49

Atrophy of which nucleus seen in Huntington

Answer 49

caudate and putamen

Question 50

Ex vacuo hydrocephalus is seen in Huntington why?

Answer 50

frontal horns of lateral ventricles. atrophy of striatum

Question 51

What is anticipation

Answer 51

Increased severity of disease in successive generation | CAG repeats = Caudate Ach GABA = all loss :(