Neuro: Lecture 2

Question 1

The basis of movement is provided by what?

Answer 1

Normal Postural tone

Question 2

What does BEFAST stand for?

Answer 2

Balance- look for LOB/coordination

Eyes - vision changes

Face- ask them to smile

Arm- ask them to raise both arms and assess sensation

Speech - dysarthria/slurring

Time- 3 hour window to administer clot buster
- when was the person last seen normal?

Question 3

What is normal postural tone?

Answer 3

Amount of tone sufficient to hold us upright against gravity

Question 4

What are primitive reflexes?

Answer 4

Primitive reflexes provide the basis of movement patterns that progressively show more selective coordination and less stereotpying with time and maturation

Question 5

What are righting reactions?

Answer 5

Serve to provide orientation to the head and align body parts w/ gravity

Question 6

What are protective extension reactions?

Answer 6

Allow us 1 line of defense against changes in our postural balance. Also called parachute reactions in UE and protective stepping in LE.

Question 7

What are equilibrium reactions?

Answer 7

Extension of protective reactions they allow us to balance by adjusting the location of our CoG over our BoS by co-contraction of muscles to making adjustments of the trunk and limbs

Question 8

What are atypical synergies

Answer 8

Atypical movements related to altered biomechanical alignment due to tone or caused by neurological disorganization or motor neuron recruitment
-impaired timing of muscular contractions

Question 9

What are tonic reflexes?

Answer 9

example: Assymetric tonic neck reflex

They should go away when you grow up but they might re-emerge with CNS damage

Question 10

Flexion synergies have Scapular ____________

Answer 10

Elevation and retraction

Question 11

Flexion Synergies have shoulder _____________

Answer 11

abduction and external rotation

NO FLEXION

Question 12

Flexion synergies have elbow ________ and forearm ______________

Answer 12

Flexion

Supination

Question 13

Flexion synergies have Wrist ________ and finger ____________

Answer 13

flexion

Question 14

Extension synergies have scapular ___________ and ____________

Answer 14

depression and protraction

Question 15

Extension synergies have shoulder _________ and ___________ and ____________

Answer 15

Extension and adduction and internal rotation

Question 16

Extension synergies have elbow ________ and forearm ___________

Answer 16

Elbow extension

Forearm pronation

Question 17

Extension synergies have wrist ______ and finger ________

Answer 17

Extension

Flexion

Question 18

What are the strongest components of UE synergies that you will see at rest (Resting UE synergies)

Scapula _____

Shoulder _______

Elbow _____

Forearm __________

Wrist/finger __________

Answer 18

“arm in sling”

Scapular depression/retraction

Shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation

Elbow: flexion

Forearm : Pronation

Wrist/finger : Flexion

Question 19

What is an associated reaction?

Answer 19

Example: arm comes up while coughing but you can’t lift it independently

Question 20

In the flexion synergy you have pelvis _____ and _____

Answer 20

Elevation and retraction

Question 21

In the flexion synergy you have hip ______ , ________ , __________

Answer 21

Hip flexion, abduction, external rotation

Question 22

In the flexion synergy you have knee _____

Answer 22

flexion

Question 23

In the flexion synergy you have ankle ________ with foot __________

Answer 23

Dorsiflexion

Inversion

Question 24

In the extension synergy you have pelvic _______ and ____________

Answer 24

Depression and protraction

Question 25

In the extension synergy you have hip _______ and __________ and __________

Answer 25

Extension and adduction and Internal rotation

Question 26

In the extension synergy you have knee _______

Answer 26

extension

Question 27

In the extension synergy you have ankle _______ with foot _____________

Answer 27

ankle plantarflexion with foot inversion

Question 28

What are the strongest components of synergies (resting synergy) in the LE Pelvis: Hip: Knee: Ankle/foot:

Answer 28

Pelvis: Elevation and retraction Hip Flexion, adduction, internal rotation (note it is a mix of Flexion and extension synergies) Knee Extension ankle/foot : Plantarflexion and inversion

Question 29

dysarthria vs. dysphagia

Answer 29

dysarthria: speech **motor production** impairment dysphagia: eating/swallowing activity limitation

Question 30

clock circle outcome measure

Answer 30

-have pt draw face of clock -used for neglect, dementia, confusin

Question 31

double letter cancelation outcome measure

Answer 31

- cross out all of ___ letter -measuring accuracy and time -used for hemianopsia, neglect, confusion

Question 32

Fugl-Meyer (UE,LE) outcome measure

Answer 32

-used in research - measures reflexes, synergies

Question 33

Line bisection outcome measure

Answer 33

-draw a line bisecting multiple lines - used for neglect, hemianopsia

Question 34

modified Ashworth scale outcome measure

Answer 34

0: no increase in tone 1: slight increase in muscle tone 1+: slight increase in muscle tone 2: more marked increase in muscle tone 3: considerable increase in muscle tone 4: rigid

Question 35

National institutes of health stroke scale outcome measure

Answer 35

- measures LOC, gaze, NO GAIT - linked to prognosis: mild stroke, intermediate stroke, severe stroke

Question 36

Orpington prognostic scale outcome measure

Answer 36

-measures motor deficits, proprioception, balance, cognition

Question 37

scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia outcome measure

Answer 37

-measures gait, stance, sitting, speech disturbance for ataxia

Question 38

stroke rehabilitation assessment of Movement outcome measure

Answer 38

-measures impairment and activity levels -supine, roll, sit, stand, walk

Question 39

Tardieu scale outcome measure

Answer 39

-spasticity measure - measures velocity of stretch, quality of muscle reaction, angle of muscle reaction

Question 40

Action Reach Arm Test

Answer 40

-measures grasp, pinch, grip, gross movement

Question 41

Functional Independence Measure/Functional Assessment Measure

Answer 41

transfers: bed, chair, WC

Question 42

Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients

Answer 42

-for pts post-stroke -measures posture maintenance, changing posture

Question 43

Stroke Impact Scale

Answer 43

measures impact of stroke on QoL -strength, memory/thinking, mood, communication/reading, ADLs, mobility, use of hand, participation in society -pts perception -can be completed by proxy

Question 44

are motor sequelae a predictor of poor outcome/poor diagnosis?

Answer 44

NO