Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patho II Final > Neuro Mod 6 > Flashcards

Neuro Mod 6 Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

General functions of the cerebellum?

A

Maintain balance, maintain muscle tone/posture, coordinated movements (corrective forward/backward roles), motor learning/cognitive motor role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cerebellum plays a major role in motor function but does not initiate what?

A

Motor commands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cerebellum holds ___% of the brain’s volume and contains ___% of the neurons in the brain

A

10% volume, 50% of the neurons
“little brain”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathway of motor planning/learning in the cerebellum?

A

Anterior association area –> premotor cortices –> pons –> cerebellum –> thalamus –> premotor/primary motor cortices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Equilibrium is the ability to maintain what?

A

Balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which nuclei in the brainstem play a primary central role in maintaining equilibrium? Which other structure plays a role in equilibrium?

A

Vestibular nuclei in brainstem, also cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the cerebellum located in the skull?

A

Posterior fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the cerebellum physically attached to the brainstem?

A

by cerebellar peduncles (incoming/outgoing axons arranged in 3 bundles of white matter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The cerebellum forms the “roof” of what structure?

A

Fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structures/landmarks of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which structure serves as the dural roof that separates the cerebellum and the occipital lobe?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The fourth ventricle is a CSF cavity located _____ to the ____

A

Posterior to the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What structure is a CSF pathway/conduit that connects the third and fourth ventricles?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the vermis?

A

Midline region of cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which cerebellar hemispheres make up the medial portion?

A

Intermediate hemispheres (paravermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which cerebellar hemispheres make up the large outer portion?

A

Lateral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which lobe is horizontal and located in the anterior region of the cerebellum?

A

Flocculonodular lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The flocculonodular lobe is the ______ part of the cerebellum?

A

“oldest”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Do cerebellar peduncles transmit info (to) or (from) the cerebellum?

A

Both two and from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 cerebellar peduncles?

A

Superior, middle, inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei are located within the cerebellum?

A

Three (fastigial, interposed, dentate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The fastigial deep cerebellar nuclei are associated with which pathways?

A

Vermis pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The interposed deep cerebellar nuclei are associated with which pathways?

A

Paravermis pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The dentate deep cerebellar nuclei are associated with which pathway?

A

Lateral hemisphere pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which two nuclei form the interposed deep cerebellar nuclei?
Emboliform & globose
26
How does information travel in the lobes of the cerebellum?
Outgoing info leaving vermis, paravermis, and lateral hemispheres goes through deep cerebellar nuclei
27
Which artery supplies the anterior/superior cerebellum?
Superior cerebellar artery (SCA) - branch of superior basilar artery
28
Which artery supplies the anterior/middle cerebellum?
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) - inferior basilar artery portion
29
Which artery supplies the posterior/inferior cerebellum?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) - branch of vertebral artery
30
Motor functions of the cerebellum?
Balance/vestibulo-ocular control, Trunk/proximal limb coordination, Distal limb coordination/fine motor movement, Coordination of motor planning for complex movement/learning
31
What motor function is controlled by the flocculonodular lobe?
Balance & Vestibulo-ocular control (coordinated eye movement: smooth pursuit, saccades, VOR, etc)
32
What motor function is controlled by the vermis?
Trunk & Proximal limb coordination
33
What motor function is controlled by the paravermis (intermediate hemisphere)?
Distal limb coordination/fine motor movement
34
What motor function is controlled by the lateral hemisphere?
Coordination of motor planning for complex movement/learning
35
Pathway/connections of the flocculonodular lobe?
Input from vestibular nerve (CN8) --> output through vestibular nuclei in brainstem
36
During flocculonodular lobe output, vestibular nuclei have some "upward" projection to control what?
eye movements via MLF
37
During flocculonodular lobe output, vestibular nuclei have some "downward" projection to control what?
balance/equilibrium
38
What are smooth pursuits (eye movement)?
Slow/smooth eye movement to maintain gaze on moving target (vertical or horizontal) *head remains still
39
What are saccades (eye movement)?
Rapid eye movement from one target to another (vertical or horizontal) *head remains still
40
The vermis pathways/connections receive input from what?
Spinocerebellar tracts (unconscious propioreception) from the trunk/proximal limbs, and vestibular nuclei (visual info)
41
The vermis pathways/connections travel through which deep cerebellar nuclei?
Fastigial nuclei
42
The vermis pathways/connections have output through what?
info travels to vestibular nuclei --> down medial motor tracts of the spinal cord (responsible for trunk/proximal muscles)
43
The paravermis pathways/connections receive input from what?
Spinocerebellar tracts (unconscious propioreception) from limbs, and motor cortex via pontine nuclei
44
The paravermis pathways/connections travel through which deep cerebellar nuclei?
Interposed nuclei
45
The paravermis pathways/connections have output through what?
Red nucleus (influences distal extremities via rubrospinal tract), and sends fibers to thalamus & motor cortex (influences distal extremities vie lateral motor tracts of spinal cord that control distal limb movement)
46
The lateral hemisphere pathways/connections receive input from what?
Motor associated cortex via pontine nuclei
47
The lateral hemisphere pathways/connections travel through which deep cerebellar nuclei?
Dentate nuclei
48
The lateral hemisphere pathways/connections have output through what?
Thalamus/cortex (info allows planning/learning complex movement in motor & somatosensory cortices), and Red nucleus (influences lateral motor tracts to assist in motor learning)
49
What cerebellar gait has circumduction (circling of extremities)?
Hemiplegic
50
Which cerebellar gait is observed in cerebral palsy?
Spastic diplegic
51
Which cerebellar gait has a "foot drop" aka neuropathy?
Neuropathic
52
Which cerebellar gait has "waddling"?
Myopathic
53
Which cerebellar gait has shuffling/bradykinesia (slow movements)?
Parkinsonian
54
Which cerebellar gait has dance-like movement?
Choreiform
55
Which cerebellar gait has a wide BOS (base of support) with arms out?
Cerebellar ataxic
56
Which cerebellar gait has high stepping?
Sensory ataxia
57
Standing posture with cerebellar ataxic gait?
May have postural sway (front to back or side to side), wide base of support
58
Characteristics of cerebellar ataxic gait?
Clumsy movement w/ wide BOS, Arms out for balance, Difficulty walking in straight line or tandem gait (heel-to-toe), veering to one side, uncoordination of LE & UE
59
With cerebellar ataxic gait, movement tends to veer to the side ______ to the cerebellar lesion
ipsilateral
60
Do cerebellar lesions impair motor activity?
Yes: impaired postural tone, loss of balance/equilibrium & coordination
61
Do cerebellar lesions result in motor paralysis?
No
62
Do cerebellar lesions impair ability to consciously detect sensory input (visual, auditory, vestibular, somatosensory)?
No
63
Are cerebellar lesions easy to detect (localize) during clinical exam?
No, prove challenging (not as precise as cortex)
64
Functional motor loss will be ______ to the side of cerebellar lesion
ipsilateral
65
What occurs with bilateral lesion of the cerebellum?
Bilateral motor function loss
66
What are the motor impairments observed with cerebellar lesions?
Hypotonia (reduced muscle tone), disequilibrium (loss of balance), dyssynergia (loss of coordination)
67
Appearance of hypotonia?
Floppy, rag doll, loose joint, pts. look drunk
68
Clinical exam procedures for hypotonia?
Observation, passive ROM, pendular deep tendon reflexes
69
Clinical exam procedures for disequilibrium?
-Standing balance (observe stance, narrow BOS tests, single leg stands) -Observe gait (loss of balance) -Tandem walking (heel-to-toe in straight line)
70
Types of dyssynergia?
Dysarthria, Dystaxia, Dysmetria, Tremor (intention tremor), Dysdiadochokinesia, Nystagmus, Decomposition of movement, Rebound (overshooting)
71
Features of dysarthria?
Uncoordinated speech, difficulty articulating, slur, slow speech, scanning of speech (random inappropriate variation in volume, emphasizing wrong syllable/vowel)
72
Clinical exam procedures for dysarthria?
Observation (listening) to speech
73
Features of dystaxia (ataxia)?
Lack of coordination w/ execution of learned voluntary movement
74
Sub types of dystaxia (ataxia) used for documentation?
gait ataxia, trunk ataxia, leg/arm ataxia
75
Clinical exam procedures of dystaxia (ataxia)?
Trunk stability in sitting, standing posture, gait, ADLs (reaching, etc)
76
Features of dysmetria?
Past-pointing, overshooting, inability to stop muscle movement at desired point *performance can deteriorate (maybe do it first time but cannot repeat it)
77
Clinical exam procedures for dysmetria?
Finger to nose, heel to shin, finger to finger (point-to-point)
78
Features of intention tremor?
Tremor w/ precise voluntary movement (increases as pt approaches target)
79
Clinical exam procedures for intention tremor?
Pt. performs precision task (pick up a cup, point to specific spot, etc.), finger to nose, heel to shin, finger to finger (point-to-point)
80
Features of dysdiadochokinesia?
Inability to perform rapid alternating (RAM) or repetitive movement, disruption in timing of movement (initiation/stopping)
81
Clinical exam procedures for dysdiadochokinesia?
ask pt to perform RAM, rapid supination/pronation, rapid heel-to-toe in seated position, marching in seated position, rapid flat hand tapping
82
Features of nystagmus?
ocular dysmetria/spontaneous eye movement, rhythmic oscillation of eyeballs
83
Clinical exam procedure for nystagmus?
Observe pt.'s eyes when looking at extremes or moving in certain directions
84
Features of decomposition of movement?
Breaking down of SM activity (jerky), awkward fragments, poor timing ex: w reaching (shoulder, elbow, then wrist w individual steps)
85
Clinical exam procedures for decomposition of movement?
Observe pt performing specific activity (reach for something on the shelf, etc.) *pts movement fragmented in individual steps
86
Features of rebound dyssynergia?
Inaccurate return of extremity to start position after forceful resistance Rebound = reciprocal overshooting or undershooting movement
87
Clinical procedures for rebound dyssynergia?
-Arm pull test: hold pt's arm w elbow flexed and abruptly let go -"Arms extended" test: have pt hold arms out straight, push down on pt's hands, observe for rebound response

Patho II Final (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions