Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PPO II > Neuro-Opt Tech for ABI > Flashcards

Neuro-Opt Tech for ABI Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define: ABI + Examples

A

Any condition/event resulting in a sudden, non-progressive, or non-degenderative change in neurological processing; TBI, Stroke or Cerebral Vascular Accident, Post-Surgical Neuro Complications, Vestibular Dysfxns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define: TBI + Examples

A

Occurrence of injury to the head that is documented in a med record with one or more of the following conditions as contributors: decreased level of consciousness, amnesia, skull fracture, neuro/neuropsych abnormality, intracranial lesion; mild/mod/severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Open vs Closed TBI – diagnostic question

A

Did the skull remain intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an MTBI and what are its consequences?

A

Mild TBI;
Post-Concussion Syndrome (lingering symptoms after injury - headache, fatigue, poor memory, insomnia, impaired gait, noise intolerance, etc.)
Post-Trauma Vision Syndrome (CI, high exophoria/tropia, accommodative dysfxn, oculomotor deficits, vis-spatial distortions, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define CVA

A

Cerebral Vascular Accident
rapidly dev’d symptoms/signs of focal loss of cerebral fxn with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin
Loss of fxn can be global; recovery is full to severe disability
Strokes may be due to arterosclerosis, cerebral embolism, TIA (80% are ischemic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What % of our environmentally received info is visual?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many areas of the brain are involved with visual processing?

A

35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: More areas of the brain are dedicated to vision than any other sensory system?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Visual Processing fxn of Occipital Lobe

A

contour, contrast, depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visual Processing fxn of Frontal Lobe

A

Motor planning, self-directed eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Visual Processing fxn of Temporal Lobe

A

recog people, places, things; object identification, motion processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Visual Processing fxn of Parietal Lobe

A

spatial org of obj, vis attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe: Parvocellular pathway

A

80% fibers, Ventral Stream, Central Processing/Focal Vision, representation/recog (what is it?), accommodation involved to tell details of obj (shape, colour)
LGN –> Occipital –> Temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe: Magnocellular pathway

A

20% fibers, Dorsal Stream, Peripheral Processing/Ambient Vision; visual-spatial, sensory modality of space (Where is it?), Pursuits, Saccades, Vergence for spatial relationships (where we are, where it is)
LGN –> Occipital –> Parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe: Central/Focal Processing

A

Parvocellular; detail, what is it?, high res, colour vis, conscious, central 2˚, static, innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe: Peripheral/Ambient Processing

A

Gestalt, Where am I? Where is it?, Low res, non-conscious, non-colour, entire vis field, dynamic (integrates with other sensory systems), learned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Ambient Vision?

A

A constant stream of data about the location of your body in space, the location of other people and objs, and info about how quickly and in what direction those people/objects are moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Ambient Vision lead to?

A

Binocularity, accurate judgement of distance and movement, defining our self image/view of our world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Interference with Central/Focal processing

A

Refractive, Accommodative Dysfxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Interference with Peripheral/Ambient processing

A

Gaze palsy, fixation dysfxn, pursuit/saccadic dysfxn, binocular dysfxn, eye muscle paresis/paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Q that Central/Focal processing answers

A

What is it?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Q that Peripheral/Ambient processing answers

A

Where is it?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Interference with Central and Peripheral Processing

A

altered vision: trouble with balance, moving with coordination, walking correctly, knowing where body ends and outside world begins; inability to correctly perceive space and time;
a receptive problem not an expressive problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Oculomotor Dysfunction deficits

A

Limitations of gaze, nystagmus, speed and quality of pursuits and saccades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Oculomotor Dysfunction potential symptoms:
Inability to follow objects smoothly, Reading problems, skipping words, re-reading words, word/letter reversals
26
Accommodative Dysfunction deficits
accommodative insufficiency, pseudo-myopia, speed and quality of accommodative response
27
Accommodative dysfunction potential symptoms
blur, headache, pain, double vision, squinting, closing an eye, reading problems, ocular discomfort, tired eyes, watery eyes, falling asleep when reading, task avoidance
28
Binocular Dysfunction deficits
Strabismus, muscle paresis/paralysis, convergence insufficiency, reduced or slow fusional ability
29
Binocular Dysfunction potential symptoms
Head turn/tilt, diplopia, poor depth/spatial judgements, closing an eye, headaches, asthenopia, reading difficulty, tired eyes, watery eyes, fall asleep with reading, task avoidance
30
Visual-Spatial/Visual Information Processing Dysfunctions: Deficits
Visual-vestibular integration problems, visual-motor integration problems, difficulty understanding spatial coordinates, disturbances in body image, disturbance in spatial relationships, difficulty sustaining visual attention
31
Visual-spatial/visual information processing dysfunctions: Potential Symtoms
Balance issues, poor distance judgment, motor coordination problems, eye-hand coordination issues, left-right confusion, objects appear to move, agnosia=difficulty in object recognition, apraxia=difficulty in manipulation of objects, difficulty with differentiation, analyzing categorizing, sequencing, etc., inattentive, difficulty with visual closure/recognizing faces, difficulty with visual memory, difficulty with figure-ground analysis, difficulty with writing
32
Visual Field Loss/Visual-Spatial Neglect Deficits
Visual Field Cut (ex: homonymous hemianopsia), visual-spatial attention/neglect
33
Visual Field Loss/Visual-Spatial Neglect Potential Symptoms
Oculomotor related symptoms, difficulty locating objects, difficulty with gait, dificulty with alance, bumps into chairs, objects, etc., difficulty seeing at night, spatial insecurity(holds onto walls, etc.), unable to drive, disturbances in spatial relations
34
Other (Acquired Injury) Deficit
Low blink rate, staring
35
Other (acquired injury) potential symptoms
dry eyes, red eyes
36
Why have an ABI patient close eyes in-between tests?
Patient might have a peripheral processing issue, so things like the flickering of fluorescent lights can provoke symptoms
37
How to give an exam to an ABI patient
minimize movements in front/around patient, keep room illumination del dim (incandescent rather than fluorescent), speak clearly and more slowly, provide lens choices slowing in refraction, slowly change prism magnitudes in vergence tests, have patient close eyes in-between tests
38
Management of ABI patient
Optical correction of ametropia, added lens power for near, horizontal or vertical prism, segmental occlusion, yoked prism, vision therapy, surgery
39
Visual field loss is typically measured by
confrontational visual fields, tangent screen, automated perimetry
40
Two types of visual field loss due to retrochiasmal lesion
homonymous hemianopsia (incl. macular sparing), quadrantopsia
41
What happens the more posterior a retrochiasmal lesion is?
the more congruent the hemianopsia
42
What are treatment options for visual field expansion
Fresnel prisms, Gottlieb and Peli lenses
43
What is visual neglect
cognitive deficit that refers to thr unawareness of obj, people, and visual stimuli presented in a visual space contralateral to the cerebral lesion
44
What will patients with visual spatial neglect also likely have?
visual field loss
45
Asking a patient to draw a face of a clock or to bisect lines - used to evaluate what?
Visual neglect
46
Define: Visual Midline Shift Syndrome
Mismatch of information and distorting of space due to disruption of ambient system
47
What can Visual Midline Shift Syndrome lead to?
alteration of posture, difficulty with balance
48
What is visual midline shift syndrome associated with?
hemiplegia, hemiparesis, flexion/extension, neglect
49
What can be used to shift the midline in visual midline shift syndrome?
yoked prisms
50
What treatment may be recommended to photophobic patients.
Outdoor tint (brown or gray), indoor tint (blue or gray; blue for fluoresecent lighting)
51
In what directions can diplopia be?
horizontal, vertical, or cyclotorsional
52
Diplopia due to what can resolve on its own over a period of months?
ABI
53
What are treatment options for diplopia
grint in prisms, fresnel prisms
54
What visual deficits are amenable to vision rehab?
oculormotor deficits, vergence deficits, accommodative deficits, visual-vestibular disturbances, photodensitivity due to deficits in bunocularity, impared visual field integrity
55
Vision rehab for oculomotor deficits
basic scanning and searching exercises
56
Visual rehab for oculomotor deficits
create an aperture/window highlighting text of regard while obscuring non-pertinent text
57
Visual rehab for vergence deficits
stabilize vergence in primary gaze (far and near), facility and sustainability of fusional vergence (far and near)
58
Visual rehab for accommodative deficits
build up and equalize accommodative amplitudes, work on improving weaker aspect of focusing, work on maintaining the ability to rapidly change focus and sustain focus; use loose lenses and flip lenses, in free space using targets at different viewing distances
59
Visual rehab for visual-spatial function
work on central-peripheral integration
60
Visual rehab for visual field loss
practice scanning into blind field, borderzone stimulation (new therapy system to map blind field and increase visual field over time)

PPO II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions