Neuro Physiology

Question 1

What are the 3 coats in the eye?

Answer 1

Fibrous coat
Vascular coat
Sensory coat

Question 2

Eye - fibrous coat

Answer 2

Cornea
Sclera
Aqueous humor

Question 3

Eye - vascular coat

Answer 3

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

Question 4

Eye - sensory coat

Answer 4

Retina

Question 5

Aqeuous humor

Answer 5

Watery substance sitting in front of the lens

Helps maintain intraocular pressure

Question 6

Vitreous humor

Answer 6

Transparent gel
Sits behind the lens
Helps cushion the retina

Question 7

Extrinsic muscles of the eye - mneumonics

Answer 7

SO4
LR6
RADSIN

Question 8

What is accommodation?

Answer 8

When the eyes focus far away and close up

Due to bending power

Question 9

What things must happen for accommodation?

Answer 9

Lens changes shape - becomes more spherical
Pupil constricts
Eyes converge

Question 10

What are the myelinated cells in the PNS?

Answer 10

Schwann cells

Question 11

What are the myelinated cells in the CNS?

Answer 11

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Where is CSF formed?

Answer 12

Choroid plexus of each ventricle

Question 13

Where is CSF absorbed?

Answer 13

Arachnoid villi into sagittal sinus

Question 14

What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 14

Medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres

Not the occipital lobe

Question 15

What do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 15

Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres

Question 16

What do the inferior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 16

Inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe

Question 17

What is the dominant hemisphere?

Answer 17

The opposite one to the dominant hand

Question 18

Frontal lobe

Answer 18

Primary motor cortex - area 4

Broca’s area - area 44, 45

Question 19

Parietal lobe

Answer 19

Somatosensory - areas 3, 1, 2

Question 20

Temporal lobe

Answer 20

Hearing and smell
Areas 41, 42
Wenicke’s - posterior to areas 41, 42

Question 21

Occipital lobe

Answer 21

Vision
Area 17 - primary visual cortex
Visual association cortex - areas 18, 19

Question 22

Broca’s area

Answer 22

FRONTAL LOBE
Area 44, 45
Area of motor speech
Broca’s aphasia - understands speech, misses small words, aware of problem

Question 23

Wenicke’s area

Answer 23

TEMPORAL LOBE
Posterior to 41, 42
In dominant hemisphere
Understanding language
Wernicke's aphasia - can't understand, uses made up words, not aware of mistakes

Question 24

Limbic lobe

Answer 24

Memory and emotion

Medial surface of hemispheres

Question 25

What makes up the limbic lobe?

Answer 25

Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Parahippocampal gyrus Amygdala

Question 26

What are the different fibres in white matter?

Answer 26

Commissural fibres Association fibres Projection fibres

Question 27

White matter - commissural fibres

Answer 27

Corpus callosum (connects the 2 hemispheres)

Question 28

White matter - association fibres

Answer 28

Connect one part of the cortex with the other

Question 29

White matter - projection fibres

Answer 29

Run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

Question 30

What are the different kind of spinal tracts?

Answer 30

Corticospinal/pyramidal Posterior/dorsal column Lateral spinothalamic

Question 31

Corticospinal/pyramidal

Answer 31

DESCENDING Motor impulses to skeletal muscle 2 neurones Decussation - medulla

Question 32

Posterior/dorsal column

Answer 32

ASCENDING Touch, vibration, proprioception 3 neurones Decussation - medulla

Question 33

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Answer 33

ASCENDING Pain, temperature 3 neurones Decussation - as soon as it enters the grey matter

Question 34

What structures are important in memory?

Answer 34

Hippocampus - forms memories Cortex - stores memories Thalamus - searches and accesses memories

Question 35

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 35

Can't form new memories

Question 36

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 36

Can't access old memories

Question 37

Rinne's test

Answer 37

Looking for a conductive hearing loss | Is bone better than air conduction?

Question 38

Weber's test

Answer 38

Localises the hearing loss to a side | Sensorineural - if heard better in the right ear then the problem is in the left