Neuro POM

Question 1

tearing of cortical bridging veins

Answer 1

subdural hematoma

Question 2

arterial blood between skull and dura

Answer 2

epidural hematoma

Question 3

middle meningeal artery rupture

Answer 3

epidural hematoma

Question 4

temporal bone fracture at site of pterion

Answer 4

epidural hematoma

Question 5

blunt trauma which causes contra-croup bleeding

Answer 5

subdural hematoma

Question 6

convex (lens) shaped bleed on CT

Answer 6

epidural hematoma

Question 7

concave/cresent shape bleed on CT

Answer 7

subdural hematoma

Question 8

imbalance of ACH and dopamine

Answer 8

parkinsons

Question 9

loss of pigment cells in substantia nigra replaced with levy bodies

Answer 9

parkinsons

Question 10

pill rolling tremor

Answer 10

parkinsons

Question 11

triad of rigidity, resting tremor and bradykinesia

Answer 11

parkinsons

Question 12

early signs are behavioral, fidgetiness and late signs are chorea and dystonic movements

Answer 12

huntingtons

Question 13

CT scan shows cerebral and caudate nucleus atrophy

Answer 13

huntingtons

Question 14

spasticity, hyperrreflexia, congenital heart defects

Answer 14

cerebral palsy

Question 15

due to cerebral injury before birth, during delivery or prenatal period

Answer 15

cerebral palsy

Question 16

motor tics most common in

Answer 16

Tourette’s

Question 17

onset usually <21y/o, possibly genetic inheritance, left hand hand male dominance

Answer 17

Tourette’s

Question 18

tx options for Tourette’s

Answer 18

habit reversal therapy first, then dopamine blockers or alpha adrenergic

Question 19

tremor most common in upper extremities and head

Answer 19

essential tremor

Question 20

tremor worsened with emotional stress & intentional movement and improved by alcohol

Answer 20

essential tremor

Question 21

tx for essential tremor

Answer 21

propanolol

Question 22

uncomfortable sensation at legs thats worse at night

Answer 22

restless leg syndrome

Question 23

treatment for restless leg syndrome

Answer 23

dopamine agonist - pramipexole, ropinrole

Question 24

kayser-felscher ring, basal ganglia dysfunction leads to Parkinsonism

Answer 24

Wilson’s disease

Question 25

peripheral demyelination associated with C. jejuni

Answer 25

Gillian-barre

Question 26

acute symmetric ascending weakness, loss of DTR

Answer 26

Gillian-barre

Question 27

dysautonomia, LP shoes albumincytolocial disassociation

Answer 27

elevated protein & normal WBC - Gillian Barre

Question 28

acute onset of opthalmoplegia (eye movement paralysis), ataxia, loss of DTR

Answer 28

miller fisher syndrome - GBS variant

Question 29

autoimmune attack against Ach receptors at neuromuscular junction

Answer 29

myasthenia gravis

Question 30

thymoma associated with

Answer 30

myasthenia gravis

Question 31

ocular weakness, diplopia and ptosis

Answer 31

myasthenia gravis

Question 32

neck weakness, bulbar (oropharyngeal) weakness with prolonged chewing

Answer 32

myasthenia gravis

Question 33

diagnostic tests for myasthenia gravis

Answer 33

achr antibodies, musk antibodies, Edrophonium test, ice pack test

Question 34

first line tx for myasthenia gravis

Answer 34

pyridostigmine

Question 35

myasthenia crisis tx

Answer 35

IVIG and plasmapheresis

Question 36

lesions disseminated in time and space

Answer 36

multiple sclerosis

Question 37

CNS demyelination of white matter --> UMN symptoms like spasticity and + babinski

Answer 37

MS

Question 38

most common presentation of MS (timeline wise)

Answer 38

relapsing remitting - episodic exacerbations

Question 39

neck flexion causes lightning shock pain radiating from spine down the leg

Answer 39

Lhermitte's sign - MS

Question 40

sensory deficits include pain, fatigue, paresteshias in the limbs & worsen with heat

Answer 40

MS - sensory deficits and uhthoff's phenomenon

Question 41

first line tx of acute MS exacerbation

Answer 41

High dose IV/PO methylprednisolone

Question 42

disease modifying MS drugs

Answer 42

interferons & Glatiramer acetate

Question 43

immunomodulating MS drugs

Answer 43

Natalizumab

Question 44

CSF shows oligoclonal bands in protein

Answer 44

MS

Question 45

MRI diagnostic of choice and shows areas with white plaques and BBB breakdown

Answer 45

MS

Question 46

UMN & LMN symptoms

Answer 46

ALS

Question 47

slow developing asymmetric weakness and linear progression of symptoms without remission

Answer 47

ALS

Question 48

spasticity, hyperreflexia, fasciculation's & progressive weakness & atrophy

Answer 48

ALS

Question 49

this drug gives 3 month survival improvement with ALS

Answer 49

Riluzole

Question 50

sharp, shooting stabbing electric pain unilateral face

Answer 50

trigeminal neuralgia

Question 51

tx for trigemenial neuralgia

Answer 51

carbamazepine

Question 52

sudden onset unilateral facial paralysis - forehead paralysis

Answer 52

bell's palsy

Question 53

sudden onset unilateral facial paralysis, forehead included

Answer 53

stroke

Question 54

HSV reactivation leads to inflammation and demyelination and paralysis

Answer 54

bells palsy

Question 55

tx for bells palsy

Answer 55

glucocorticoid and eye care - lubricant and taping shut

Question 56

exclusion criteria for Chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 56

medical condition, Major depressive disorder, anorexia, substance abuse, severe obesity

Question 57

only helpful therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome & their goal

Answer 57

change perception of fatigue and reduce focus on symptoms - chronic behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy

Question 58

required to diagnose chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 58

= or > 4 for 6 months: sore throat, tender lymph nodes, new headaches, unrefreshing sleep, muscle pain, malaise after exertion, memory impairment, pain in several joints

Question 59

most common form of dementia

Answer 59

Alzheimer's disease

Question 60

short term memory loss progresses to progressive memory loss and other cognitive deficits

Answer 60

Alzheimers

Question 61

neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein and amyloid deposition

Answer 61

Alzheimer's

Question 62

drug of choice for symptomatic Alzheimers

Answer 62

cholinesterase inhibitors - donepezril

Question 63

disease modifying drug for alzheimers

Answer 63

memantine - NMDA receptor agonist

Question 64

Reversible causes of dementia

Answer 64

heavy metal (copper & lead), electrolytes, glucose, calcium, hypothyroid, B12, drug & alcohol

Question 65

urinary incontinence, gait disturbance, dementia/memory loss

Answer 65

normal pressure hydrocephalus

Question 66

abnormal buildup of CSF due to decreased absorption resulting from SAH, trauma, infection, surgery etc

Answer 66

normal pressure hydrocephalus

Question 67

increased intracranial CSF pressure without other cause

Answer 67

idiopathic intracranial HTN aka pseudo tumor cerebri

Question 68

HA worse with straining, visual changes, papilledema, overweight young woman

Answer 68

idiopathic intracranial HTN

Question 69

TX for idiopathic intracranial HTN

Answer 69

acetazolamide

Question 70

TX for normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 70

VP shunt