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Neuro Quero Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mediacl tx of alz?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors - e.g donepezil,rivastigmine, galantamine

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2
Q

what are the four main signs of Parkinsons

A

Bradykinesia, ridgidity, tremour and post instability

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3
Q

What drugs can cause parkinsons?

A

Dopamine antagonists

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4
Q

What are potential tx for PD?

A

Dopamine replacement, levodopa, peripeheral aaad inhib, mao-b comt inhib

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5
Q

SS of Huntingtons?

A

Hyperkinesia, dementia, personality dosorders, chorea

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6
Q

What is pyramidal pattern of weakness?

A

Flexors stronger in arms/ extensors weaker in legs

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7
Q

How is exencephaly ix?

A

afp in maternal serum and amniotic fluid, US

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8
Q

What is the tx of exencephaly?

A

folic acid supps

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9
Q

what is enceohalocoele?

A

herniation of meninges or brain tissue through skill

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10
Q

what is spina bifida

A

failure of caudal posterior neuropore to close reuslting in cleft like split in spine

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11
Q

Whatis the tx of hydrocephalus?

A

acetazolamide - carbonic anhydrase inhib, drainage, diversion - only non communicating, remove obstruction, shunt insertion

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12
Q

What is the meningitis calssic triad?

A

Fever >38, neck stiffness, altered mentals tate

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13
Q

What are the fout signs of meningism?

A

Neck stiffness, photo/phonophobia, fever

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14
Q

What are the two bacterial causes of meningitis?

A

Stre pneumoniae, and niessera meningitis

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15
Q

What is the viral cause of meningitis

A

enterovirus

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16
Q

what drugs can cause menigitis?

A

NSAID, IVIF

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17
Q

what ix would you do for menigitis?

A

Blood culture, Lubat puncture, passive neck bending and tumbler test

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18
Q

what are two viral causes of encephalitis?

A

Arbovirus and HIV - tx - aciclovir

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19
Q

what bacteria cause brain abcess?

A

streproccocci, anaerboes

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20
Q

tx of lyme disease

A

Cause - borella burgoferi, tx docycline, ceftriazone

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21
Q

syphilus cx?

A

trepomena pallidum

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22
Q

syph tx?

A

penicillin

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23
Q

rabies cx?

A

lyssavirus

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24
Q

tetanus tx

A

immunusation - toxoid atigen and penicllin w/immonG

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25
botulism tx?
anti-toxin, penicllin and remove infection
26
ix of cjd
mri, eeg,csf
27
brain tumour ix?
ct +/- contrast, MRI +/- contrast, myelogrpahy, PET, Lumbar pucnture,
28
describe a meningioma
iso/hypodense with areas of calc
29
describe astrocytoma
well circumbssied, hypo/isod = not capsulated
30
describe glioma
no mets, non encaps
31
describe oligodendroma
fried egg appear, from myelin +seixures and neuro defects
32
desc brainstem glioma
locked in syndrome
33
desc medulloblastoma
small round tumour affecting kids
34
desc vest schwannomma
acoustic neuroma
35
ss of cerbral tumour?
headache, vomit chagie in vision , hemiparessi/plegia, hypokinesia, decr tactile discrimination , seizures, personality changes
36
cx of coma?
toxic, seizures, RAS damage, INc ICP
37
what is type 1 coma
coma w/ no focal signs or meningism
38
what is type 2 coma
coma w/ meningism and no focal signs = 1
39
what is type 3 coma
coma w/ focal signs and no meningism = 1
40
ix of epilipsey
hx, ix - [glu]blood, ecg,ct ... MRI -generalised primary,
41
what is myasthenia gravis
autoimmune cndtion where nicotinic receptors affected
42
SS of myasthenia gravis
fatiguable weakness, sob, diplopia
43
ix of myasthenia grvais
achr antibody, anti musk antibody, emg, tension test, ct chets
44
tx of myasthenia gravsi
achrase inhib prednisolobe,azahiopinr, thymectomy
45
ix of ms
mri - t1 w/ gadilonium and lumb punc, bloods, cxr
46
tx of ms
1st line - beta interferon, teriflunomide, dimetyhyl fumarate 2nd line - fingolimodv, natalizumab, alemtuzumab .... acute - oral prednisolone
47
what does mannitol do
tx of intracranial ht
48
tx of tension type headaceh
asprin, paracetamol, nsaid, tricyclic antidepressant
49
6 types of prim headache
tension, migrane cluster, paroxysmal, sunct, trigeminal neuralgia
50
tx of migrane during
NSAID, asprin, triptans
51
prophyl tx of migrane
propanolol, ARB- candesartan , anti-epileptic-Gabapentine, antidepressant - amitriptyline
52
throbbing and excrutuating unilateral pain in orbital and temp region w/ rapid onset and cessation from 15mins -3hrs
cluster headache
53
throbbing and excrutiating unilateral pain in orbital and temp region w/ rapid onset and cessation from 2-30mins
paroxysmal hemicrania
54
stabbing r pulsating unilateral pain in supraorbital and temp region lasting 10-24 seconds that occur 3-200 times a day
SUNCT
55
stabbing unliateral max and mand pain lasting 5-10s occuting 3-200x/d
Trigeminal neuralgia
56
what meningitis with purple rash
meningicoccol
57
cluster headache abortive tx?
subcatenous sumatriptan, nazal zolamtriptan 100 percent o2, occip[otal depomedrone, oral prednisolone
58
cluster heradache preventive tx?
verapamil- ca channel blocker, lithiium antidepressant, methypergide, topiramate
59
prophyl for paroxysiaml hemi?
indometacin - NSAID, COX2 inihb and topiramte
60
SUNCT prophylaxis tx?
lamotrogine - anti convuls, gabapentin - antiepile,
61
trigemnial neuralgia prophylax?
antiepileptiocs - carbamezapine, glyc ganglion injection, steroatrtric radiosurgery, decrompressive surgery
62
inflammatory cx of raised ICP
meningitis, encephalitis, abscess
63
vasc cx of raised ICP?
intracranial haemorrhage, brain swelling
64
tumou cx of raised ICP
glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma
65
tx of riased ICP?
Hyperventilation - Decr PCO2-> decrease flow, MANNITOL(temp), Thiopentone (sedate), Acetazolamide- Decr CSF prod, caraniotomy, drainage, decompressive craniostomy, CSF diversion
66
What is uncal herniation?
3rd cranial nerve + ipsi CST
67
what is cingulate herniation?
AKA subflacine- displace medial motor cortex beneath edge of falx cerebri
68
What is normal ICP?
5-15mmHg
69
Ix of IC heam?
MRI, CT GCS
70
ALARM ft of IC heam?
headche worse in morn/flat, focal/non-fical signs, seizures, visual obscuration
71
What is giant cell arteritis?
temporal arteritis, systemic infecttion vascultits of the medium large arteiries of head
72
SS of GCArteritis?
Headache, scalp tenderness, beaded temp arteries , INcrease ESR (>50), Inc CRP, Inc Platellete
73
Tx of Giant cell arteriitis?
Tempa artery biopsy and prednisolone
74
3 major manifestations of anxiety?
Autonomic, Inc Motor tone, hypervigilance
75
What is spondylosis?
Age related wear and tear of the disks, cervical - neck arteritis, lumbar - cauda equina syndrome
76
What is carpal tunnel syndorme?
Compression of median nerve at wrist
77
How does carpal tunnel sydnrome present?
Pain at night, parasthesia, numbness and tingling
78
What is intramedulalry spinal neoplasms?
Begin with the cells within the spinal cord (astrocytomas. epnedyomas)
79
Where are extramedullary spinal neoplasm begin with?
Within the supporting network of cells around the SC
80
What is Bells Palsy?
Damage to the facial nerve, tx - steroids
81
What does B palsy affect?
somatic motor - muscles of facial expression, visceral motor- salivary and lacrimanal gland, special sensory - 2/3 of tongue and soft pallete, general sensory - EAM
82
SS of 3rd CrN palsy?
Fxed dialted pupil, flat and long lens, can't adduct eye, can't close eye
83
Cx of Crn3 palsy?
Diabetes/HYpertension - painless pupil spared, Raised ICP, PCaAneurysm - Painful and pupil affecting
84
What is Bulbar Palsy due to LMN?
Damage to CrN 9,10,11, 12
85
SS of Bulb Palsy?
Wasted fasciculating tongue, dysarthia, dysphonia, dysphagia
86
What is pseudobulbar palsy?
Bilateral UMN lesion
87
SS of pseudobulb palsy?
Spastic immobile tongue, brisk jaw jerk, brisk gag reflex, dys(arth,phon, phagia)
88
What causes narcolepsy?
Defective orexin release by hypothalamus
89
What part of the sleep cycle are Nightmares found?
REM
90
What part of the sleep cycle are Night terrors found?
Deep, Delta sleep

Nervous System (6 decks)

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