Neuro Quiz

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

language disorder secondary to a brain pathology

Question 2

MSDs

Answer 2

neurological damage that affects the motor control of speech muscles or motor programming of speech movements.

“abnormal speech articulation in the absence of a language disorder”

Question 3

Dysarthria v. Apraxia

Answer 3

D: muscle weakness

A: motor planning/sequencing issues

Question 4

Impairment features

Answer 4

Location: where in the nervous system

Magnitude: how much (size/#) of insult(s)

Nature: what is contributing to it/them?

Question 5

What kills neurons?

Answer 5

lack of oxygen, pressure, neural transmitter disturbances and diaschisis

Question 6

Diaschisis

Answer 6

if intact neurons have no lace to communicate with something else, they wither and die

Question 7

Ischemic (occlusive) stroke

Answer 7

Thrombotic: slowly growing blockage

Embolic: clot travels from another part of the body and into a narrowed artery in the brain

TIAs: little strokes that last 24-72 hours

Question 8

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 8

Extracerebral: bleeding inside the brain (Hematomas)

Intracerebral: bleeding inside the brain (anuerysm, AVM, Hypoperfusion)

Question 9

AVM

Answer 9

Ateriovenous Malformation

nest of malformed arteries that draw out oxygen from the brain tissue and create pressure

Question 10

Hypoperfusion

Answer 10

not getting enough oxygen or pressure in the circulatory system

Question 11

Tumors

Answer 11

displace brain tissue and put pressure on the brain

Question 12

Primary tumors

Answer 12

originate where found
-Benign (Astrocytoma - deep within tissue; Meningioma - slow growing)
-Malignant (Gliablastoma multiforme)
Secondary: metastatic

Question 13

Herniations

Answer 13

pushed-pressed neuronal masses to where they shouldn’t be

Question 14

Infections

Answer 14

Bacterial
- meningitis - in meninges and pia mater, arytenoid and CSF, cause inflammation and swelling.
- Brain abscesses - holes left in brain from infection
Viral: from the environment
- measles, mumps, insect bites

Question 15

Hydrocephalus

Answer 15

enlargement of ventricles secondary to increased pressure.

• Obstructive: clogs CSF drainage = pressure
• Non-obstructive: impaired CSF reabsorbtion

Question 16

Toxins

Answer 16

poisons to the CNS

little reversible damage

Question 17

Disease

Answer 17

disorders of CNS secondary to changes in metabolism and nutrition

Question 18

Head Injury

Answer 18

penetrating (high v. low velocity) and non-penetrating (acceleration v. non-acceleration)

Question 19

Progressive Neurological Diseases

Answer 19

ALS, MS, HD, PPA, WD, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, PSP, Pick’s Disease

Question 20

ALS

Answer 20

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Lou Gehrig’s

• motor neuron disease
• mixed dysarthria
• degeneration: ventral horns/spinal cord
• lose physical ability but mentally left intact

Question 21

MS

Answer 21

Multiple Sclerosis

• unpredictable/inconsistent
• ataxic, spastic or mixed dysarthria
• attacks different systems

Question 22

HD

Answer 22

Huntington’s Disease

• inherited
• chorea
• neuronal loss in basal ganglia
• causes unintelligibility, irritability and dementia

Question 23

PPA

Answer 23

Primary Progressive Aphasia

• slow progressing
• initially only noticeable to the person who has it

Question 24

WD

Answer 24

Wilson’s Disease

• too much copper in body
• inherited
• reduced intelligibility b/c 3 types of dysarthrias (spastic, ataxic and hypokinetic)
• eyeballs look yllow around pupils

Question 25

Parkinson's

Answer 25

- slowly progressing - decrease in dopamine - hypokinetic dysarthria - tremor at rest - bradykinesia and loss of postural reflexes - no facial expression - excessively small writing (micrography) - rapid shuffling of feet

Question 26

Alzheimer's

Answer 26

- form of dementia | - different stages: memory, judgement, disorientation to familiar environments, changes in mood and personality

Question 27

Pick's Disease

Answer 27

- very clear pathological changes in frontal lobes that lead to dementia - shrinkage in brain size (F & T lobes) - social behaviors, judgement and insights deteriorate

Question 28

Flaccid Dysarthria

Answer 28

hypernasal breathy speech with imprecisely articulated consonants

Question 29

Spastic Dysarthria

Answer 29

harsh, strained speech with slow speaking rate, low pitch and imprecisely articulated consonants

Question 30

Ataxic Dysarthria

Answer 30

irregular prosody, long pauses, imprecisely articulated consonants

Question 31

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Answer 31

decreased loudness and pitch, pauses and imprecisely articulated consonants

Question 32

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Answer 32

variable rate and loudness, distorted vowels

Question 33

Mixed Dysarthria

Answer 33

combinations of any other types

Question 34

Broca's Aphasia

Answer 34

nonfluent ungrammatical speech. naming is deficient. trouble with multi-step commands. reading affected.

Question 35

Aphemia

Answer 35

muteness or nonfluent speech where comprehension is still in tact

Question 36

Wernicke's Aphasia

Answer 36

fluent but meaning is obscured. auditory comprehension impaired.

Question 37

pure word deafness

Answer 37

selective loss of auditory comprehension and repetition with preserved naming, reading and writing.

Question 38

Global Aphasia

Answer 38

nonfluent/mute, all language impaired

Question 39

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 39

fluent, impaired repetition

Question 40

Anomic Aphasia

Answer 40

naming ability impaired. fluent with pauses