Neuro Review Flashcards by Lauren Bretz

Treatment for migranes

Sumatriptan

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Treatment for cluster headaches

O2 supplementation

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Bacteria associated with Gullain Barre

Campy

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Mechanism for Myasthenia gravis

antibodies against acetylcholine receptor

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young woman optic neuritis

Multiple sclerosis

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Mechanism for multiple sclerosis

T cell mediated injury to myelin

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Polymyositis

immune mediated inflammaion of muslce (attacks vessels in endomysium)

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Muscle fasiculations

ALS

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Nerve responsible for foot drop

Peroneal nerve

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lightning intense facial pain

trigeminal neuralgia

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Concern of herpes zoster on someone’s nose

will also effect their cilliary bodies -> can cause blindness

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Rapidy progressive dementia with myoclonic jerks

CJD

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younger male
generalized chorea
depression

Huntington’s

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Wide based gait
Urinary incontinence
Demenia

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

wet, wobbly, wacky

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Drug that can cause parkinson’s

metoclopramide
neuroleptics
lithium
Ca channel blocker

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Teen
involuntary movements
worse after sleep deprivation

Juvenile myoclonic seizures

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Men
Unilateral headaches behind right eye
lacrimal leakage

Cluster headache

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Unilateral headache
throbbing
aura
N/V
photophobia

migranes

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Bilateral headache
band like
worse as day goes on

Tension headache

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Overweight young woman

bilateral papilledema

Idiopathic intracranial HTN (pseudotumor cerebri)

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Tx for idiopathic intracranial HTN

Lumbar puncture

Acetozolamide

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Chronic daily headaches

Daily analgesic use

Rebound headaches

from medication overuse

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Unilateral face, arm, weakness
Sensory loss
Eyes deviated to opposite dise

Contralateral MCA

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Defect in LMCA block

aphasia (because most people are left brain dominant)

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Defect in RMCA block

visual or spatial function | No stereogenesis

``` Contralateral foot and leg weakness behavioral change confusion impairment of gait and stance akinetic mutism urinary incontinence ```

ACA lesion

``` Vomiting vertigo ataxia dyarthria CN palsies diploplia hemiparesis ```

Posterior circulation lesion

Unilateral facial paralysis | Cannot raise eyebrow, shut eye, or smile with one side of face

Bell's palsy

location of lesion to CN 3 and 4

Midbrain

location of lesion to CN 5, 6, 7, 8

Pons

location of lesion to CN , 10, 11, 12

Medulla

Headache | One pupil not reactive to light

Post. communicating artery aneurysm

Rapid onset of symptoms after lucid interval | temporal skull fracture

Epidural hematoma of middle meningeal artery

Slow onset headache | Elderly with falls, alcoholics

Subdural hematoma

PCKD headache blood in CSF

subarachnoid hemorrage

History of diarrheal illness peripheral weakness respiratory acidosis

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Proximal weakness improves with activity Associated with lung cancer

Lambert Eaton

Mechanism of Lambert Eaton

Antibodies against voltage-gated P/Q calcium channel

Left humerus fracture effects which nerve?

Radial

pain in legs while walking | better with walking uphill or leaning forward

Spinal stenosis

bilateral nystagmus inability to move eyes to the left bilaterally ataxia

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Area of the brain affected in Koraskoff's psychosis?

mammillary bodies

Huntington's effect on brain

gliosis of caudate nucleus

Chromosome effected by Huntington's

Trinucleotide repeat on chromosome 4

Mechanism of Huntington's

Dec levels of GABA (causes anxiety) and Ach (causes chorea) in the brain. Neuronal death -> caudate nuclei atrohpy

Causes of encephalitis

viruses: enteroviruses, West Nile, and herpes | Listeria in babies and elderly

HIV low CD4 Visual sx gait ataxia non-enhancing white matter lesions

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (from JC virus)

HIV, low CD4 Headache multiple ring enhancing lesions

Toxoplasmosis

``` Encephalitis fever muscle weakness flaccid paralysis Parkinsonian (tremors) ```

West Nile

``` Cranial nerve palsy posterior column signs general paresis dementia pupil accommodates, but doesn't react ```

neurosyphilis

AE of Valproic acid

Acute hepatic failure pancreatitis teratogen

AE of Felbamate (used for intractable seizures)

Aplastic anemia | hepatic failure

AE of phenytoin

Ataxia hepatic dysfunction gingival hyperplasia

AE of Carbamazepine

hyponatremia, hepatic dysfunction

Which antiepileptics can cause SJS?

Ethosuxamide phenytoin lamotrigine carbamazepine

AE of topiramate

Kidney stones weight loss glaucoma metabolic acidosis

AE of levetiracetam

Irritability | Depression

``` Diplopia dysphonia dysarthria dysphagia descending flaccid paralysis History of honey/home canned veggies ```

Botulism

``` Sprained ankles Distal calf atrophy hammer toes sensory loss palpable peripheral nerves ```

Charcot-Marie-Tooth | -Hereditary Motor sensory neuropathy

Myasthenia Gravis | anterior mediastinal mass

thymoma

Slow growing midline brain tumor | Seizure or focal neuro signs

Meningioma

``` Port wine stain in V1 seizures MR hemiparesis glaucoma ```

Sturge Weber: anomaly of neural crest derivatives affecting small blood vessels.

``` Hamartomas in skin and CNS adenoma sebaceum Ash leaf spot Mitral regurgitation and Mental retardation AD ```

Tuberous sclerosis

Cavernous hemangiomas in skin bilateral renal cell cancer hemangiobalstoma in retina, brainstem, cerebellum

von Hippel-Lindau diseaese

"curtain drawn over eye" sudden onset peripheral vision first effected

Retinal detachment

``` Acute vision loss PAIN HA red eye mid-dilated fixed pupil ```

acute angel closure glaucoma

Abrupt onset painless vision loss hemorrhages cotton woll spots

central retinal vein occlusion

sudden onset of painless vision loss | Pale fundus and cherry red spot near fovea

central retinal artery occlusion

Sudden onset of vertigo triggered by certain positions

BPPV

Tinnitus, hearing loss vertigo

Meniere's disease

Unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus

acoustic neuroma | Bilateral in NF-2

What does eye direction tell you about the location of a lesion?

eyes look toward hemispheral lesion | eyes look away from brainstem lesion

Bilateral fixed and dilated pupils

severe midbrain damage

Pinpoint pupils

narcotic or barbituate overdose | pontine hemorrhage

eyes look down and inward

thalamic or midbrain hemorrage

Doll's eye reflex

from reduced cortical influence on brain stem. Usually suppressed when you're awake

Shallow, slow regular breathing

metabolic or drugs effecting respiration

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

brief apnea: bihemispheral damage or metabolic supression

Kassmaul breathing

deep, usually caused by matabolic acidosis

Drug to reverse opioid toxicity

naltrexone

Neuro Review Flashcards

(80 cards)