Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2a RRS > neuro strokes TIAs > Flashcards

neuro strokes TIAs Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is a TIA

A

focal sudden onset neurological deficit
lasting less than 24hrs
w complete clinical recovery
iscahemia without infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RFs for TIA

A 
age
HTN
PAST TIA
smoking
diabetes
clot disorder
hyperlipidaemia
vascuitis - GCA
SLE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes of a TIA

A

atherothromboembolism from carotid = most common
cardioembolism - AF, valvue disease
hyperviscosity - polycythaemia, sickle cell, myloma
hypoperfusion - cardiac dyssrhythmia, postural hypOtenision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what causes the cerebral dysfunctino in a TIA

A

lack of oxygen and nutrient to brain - resolves before irreversible cell death hence short lived symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CFs TIA

A

sudden loss of fuction -few mins - complete recovery
ANT CIRCULATION - amaurosis fugax, hemiparesis
BOTH = Hemisensory loss
POST CIRCULATION - vom vertigo ataxia tetraparesis diplopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the important buzzword in TIA

A

amaurosis fugax - curtain falling over one eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ix for TIA

A

no brain scan changes
carotid doppler and CT angiography
ECG - AF ? - cardio embolism?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mx TIA

A 
avoid stroke risk - dual antiplatelets, aaspriin -- clopidogrel
HTN control 
Diabetes 
diet
statins
stop smokiong
exercise 
LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how assess likelyhood of TIA –> stroke

A 
ABCD2 Score = 6+ specialsist - REFFERRAL 4+ see in  24hrs rest = 7days
Age>65 =1 
Blood pressure>140/90 =1 
clinical 
unilateral weakness =2 
speech and no weakness =1 
Diabetic =1 
Duration of symptoms 
less than 1 hour =1 
more than hour =2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DDX of a TIA

A

migraine with aura
Todds paralysis
hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

types of stroke and commonest

A

ischaemic (commonist)
heamorrhagic
other - vasculitis , arterial dissection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a stroke

A

rapid onset symptoms over 24hrs

neurological deficit casued by focal cerebral spinal or retinal infarcition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cuses of a ischaemic stroke

A

cardiac emboli
atherosclerosis
hypoperfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of haemorrhagic stroke

A

trauma

anneurysm rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

example of a aneurysm rupture leading to a stroke

A

charot bouchard anneurysm- basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

other causes of strokes

A

vasculitis (GCA)
hyperviscosity (sickle cell, polycythaemia)
large artery stenoisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rf of stroke

A 
DM smoking previous TIA 
heart disease (AF- blood stasis)
alcohol
COCP 
polycythameia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CFs of ACA stroke

A 
gait ataxia 
leg and truncal weakness and sensory loss
oluntary leg movement
incontinence
akinetic mutaism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CFs of MCA stroke

A 
unilat weakness and sensory loss
face drop
hemianopia contralat
receptive and affective aphasia
(ARMS ALSO)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CFs of PCA

A

Homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

Prosopagnosia - facial recognition ish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CFs of POST circulation strooke

A

cerebellar syndrome - vertigo vom headache ataxia
“locked in” motor deficit - rest fine
brain stem stroke?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stroke in lenicular region

which artery supplies this

A

Internal capsule is MCA supplied

Full contralateral hemiplegia, dysarthia, dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dx of stroke

Study These Flashcards
A

bloods - FBC - thrombocytopenia, polycythaemia
URGENT CT SCAN HEAD - BEFORE THROMBOLYSIS incase its haemorrhagic = death
ECG - AF?
Echo- patent formamen ovale? allow passage thrombi R to L – brain

24
Q

Mx of strokes ischaemic

Study These Flashcards
A 
CT scan = ISCHAEMIC
less than 4.5hrs
thrombolysis - IV altepase
\+clop later
more than 4.5hrs
Aspirin 2 weeks 
\+ clop lifelong later
25
Mx of strokes haemorrhagic
``` antithrombosis BBs / ARB's Beriplex if warfarin related (faster acting than vit K) surgey - clot evation REHAB OCC THERAPY etc ```
26
CI for thrombolysis w alteplase
operation in last 3 months previous history of active malignancy warfarin low platelets
27
what does alteplase do and when used
tissue plasminogen activator - precursor to plasmin that degrades clots used in thrombolysis in ischeamic strokes
28
which artery most common site for strokes
middle cerebral artery
29
brocas vs wernickes
brocas - cant speak can undertand - superior | wernickes - can speak cant understand = infereior
30
what is a extradural haemorrhage
rapid collection of blood in extradural space - between dura mater and bone
31
what causes an extradural haemorrhage
head injury fracture of temporal/ parietal bone --- rupture of middle meningeal artery most commonly at pterion (side of temple thin and above middle meningeal artery)
32
what are symtpoms of extradural haemorrhage
LOC initially then LUCID interval (hours or days) then rapid increase in ICP - rapid deterioration =altered conciousness N+V seizures confusion coma headaches pappiloedema (ICP signs) ipsilat pappilary dilatation bilat weakness
33
feautures of raised ICP hedache
headache, worst at night and in mornings, worst when lie down or cough or exercise. relieved by vomiting, assosiated with papilloedma
34
signs of ICP
ipsilateral pappilary dilatation brainstem compression signs - death pappiloedema, lack of conciousness
35
how assess conciousness
glasgow coma scale lower = less concious decreases as ICP increase
36
Dx of extradural haemorrhage
CT scan - Egg shaped - EGGstra dural biconvex hypodense haematoma Xray - skull fracture? NO LP- CONING - TENTORIAL HERNIATION
37
Tx- extradural haemorrhage
Stabilize - airway care neurosurgery - craniotomy, clot evacuation mannitol - decrease ICP and swelling
38
why no lumbar puncture in extra dural haemmohrhage
high ICP therefore removal of CSF decreases p and CSF move down pressure gradient causing tentorial herniation - death
39
what is sub dural haemorr
bleeding between dura mater and arachnoid mater - follows rupture of a bridging brain
40
Cfs of subdural haemorrhage
``` fluctuating symptoms gradual increase in ICP over weeks headache vom confusion seizures SIGN - papilloedema ```
41
why is presentation gradual in subdural haemorrage
days/weeks as heamotoma forms it increaes oncotic p so water moves IN from brain (low p in veins hence SLOW) increases ICP - midline shift
42
DDx of subdural haemorrage
stroke extradural haemorrage dementia subarachnoid haemorr
43
RFs of subdural haemmorage
elderly - brain atrophy= veins less suported alcohol abuse shaken baby syndrome ACCEL DECEL injury (WHIPLASH)
44
Dx Subdural haemorrhage
CT - Sickle Shaped Subdural (SSS) hyperdense CAN cross suture lines
45
Mx - subdural haemmorrhage
neurosurgery - clot evac =1st craniotomy =2nd | IV mannitol = decrease ICP
46
What is subarachnoid haem
bleeding into subarachnoid space - increaste ICP and prevents blood INTO brain (betwen arachnoid layer of meninges and pia mater
47
most common cause of Subarach haem
berry anneurysm rupture
48
where do berry anneruysms occur | and who predisposed
at bifurcation of arteries marfans bifurcation of aorta PKD
49
Causes of subarachnoid haemmorrhage
1 berry anneuyrsm rupture 2. arteriovenous malformation 3. trauma
50
Rfs
HTN fam Hx anneurysm preisposed risk (Marfans, PKD, ehlers danlos)
51
presentation of subarachnoid haemmorrhage
``` THUNDERCLAP HEADACHE sudden onset (decreased ICP signs and sympotms) seizures decreased conciousness N + V MENINGISM - STIFF NECK = nuchal rigidity PRODROME = SENTINEL HEADACHE ```
52
signs of subarachnoid haemmorrhage
pos meningisms - KERNIGS sign (pain extending knee on thigh flex at hip) neck stiffness brudzinskis (flex neck = flex knees n hips) CNS DEFICITS - 3rd Nerve palsy and pupil changes (post communic artery)
53
what is prodrome for subarachnoid haemmorrhage
sentinel headache
54
diagnosos of subarachnoid haemmorrhage
CT - white starshaped | LP - wait 12 hrs - xanthochromic CSF - yellow due to bilirubin
55
Tx of subarachnoid haemmorrhage
dexamethasone - for swelling control HTN neurosurgey (clipping or coiling) nimodipine - decrease vasospasm risk = hydrocephalus
56
complication with subarachnoid haemmorrhage
hydrocephalus - vasospasm as blood vessels pooled in blood = decrease blood suply to brain = irritates meninges = scarriing and inflam = CSF obstruct = dilated ventricles

2a RRS (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions