neuro upper limb Flashcards by Lisa Azizi

wrist drop?
Ix?
Mx?
differential

radial nerve injury -

Ix
fbc - wcc, crp for any inflammatory markers GBS
imaging
Xray to ensure

fall asleep by back of arm compressed - compression of nerve
or injury on basis of fracture of humeral shaft

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radial nerve injury

how does it present on examination

wrist drop
extension of forearm impacted
extension of fingers and wrist also impacted

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Mx radial nerve injury

brace
cockup splint
therapy
emg and nerve studies

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extensory digitorum

MCP - 2-5

flexor digitroum profundus
digitorum superficialis

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what muscles aid in abducting and adducting the fingers?

lumbricals and interossei

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median nerve

flexor digitorum suoerficialis
radial 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus

1/2nd lumbricals
thenar eminence - moves thumb

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Ulnar nerve

ulnar 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
3/4 lumbricals
interosseous muscles

adductor pollicis

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Radial

extensor digitorum

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claw hand?

injury to ulnar nerve

all interosseus muscle loss - so no abduction/adduction

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ape hand and sign of benedicton

high median nerve when attempt to form a fist

ative attempt to flex digits only pinky and ring finger are flexed

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which nerve is associated with carpal tunnel?

median nerve

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carpal tunnel syndrome
cause?
features

idiopathic
tingling and pain lateral arm / hand
waking up from sleep/worse in morning

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tinels sign

tapping nerve in carpal tunnel to elicit pain

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hold the wrist in flexion for 60s to elicit pain ?

phalens manouvre

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mx of carpal tunnel?

splint
steroid injection
surgical decompression

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Indomethacin is what?

eg contraindicated in?

NSAID

chronic heart failure as it can cause sodium and water retention and = worsen hf

candersartan?

angiotensin receptor blocker

carvedilol

beta blocker

hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrite

vasodilators used in HF for afro-caribbean patients

what is the responsibility of a1at?

protease protects against neutrophil elastase

it can mean lungs not protected leading to cirrhosis / emphysema

primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with what antibody?

anti mitochondrial antibodies

what antibody is autoimmune hepatitis associated with?

anti smooth muscle and anti nuclear antibody

what is pagets disease of breast ?

of breast - eczema hardening of skin

2 to breast cancer

acute causes of pancreatitis

gallstone
ethanol
trauma

steroids
mumps 
autoimmune 
scorpion venom 
hyperlipidaemia / calcaemia 
ERCP 
drugs : aza, sodium valproate

management of SVT stepwise | and if pt is asthmatics?

1- vagal manouveres - valsalva 6mg IV adenosine 6mg 12mg maybe amioadarone calcium channel blocker verapamil

loop diuretics work where?

furosemide | thick ascending limb of loop of henle

where do spironolactone work ?

act on collecting ducts

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on

proximal convoluted tubule to increase bicarbonate excretion,

thiazide diuretic which inhibits the Na+/Cl- transporter in the ______

dct

A 70 kg man has a daily sodium and potassium requirement of

140 mmol and 60-70 mmol, respectively.

High CSF protein in a patient with peripheral neuropathy and myopathy is suggestive of what?

GBS

hypercalcaemia | raised ESR and back pain is suggestive of?

multiple myeloma

how can multiple myeloma cause nephrotic syndrome?

IgG light chains \. amyloid fibrils so multiple myeloma . amyloidosis

target cells associated with?

liver disease hyposplenism codocyte

Spherocyte

hereditary or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia