Neuro - Vestibular System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neuro - Vestibular System Deck (23)
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1
Q

What are the 3 main inputs of the vestibular system?

A

1) Visual input
2) Proprioceptive input
3) Vestibular information

2
Q

What part of the inner ear is used in balance?

A

The labyrinth

3
Q

What bone is the labyrinth in?

A

The temporal bone

4
Q

How many semicircular canals are there?

A

3

5
Q

Where are the utricle and saccule located?

A

In the vestibule and are joined by a conduit

6
Q

What structure do the semicircular canals attach to the utricle with?

A

An ampulla

7
Q

Why are the semicircular canals on different planes?

A

So that head movements in all directions can be detected

8
Q

What hair cells do vestibular hair cells have on them?

A

1 kinocilium and stereocilia

9
Q

How do the vestibular hair cells detect movement?

A

They are surrounded by endolymph and when a person moves the endolymph moves and causes the stereocilia to move which allows the, to become depolarised and send a neuronal impulse.

10
Q

What are the otolith organs?

A

The utricle and saccule

11
Q

What are otoliths?

A

Crystals that lay above the hair cells in the otolith organs and move with head movement, which allow them to apply weight to the hair deflect the hair cells

12
Q

Should there be otoliths in the semicircular canals?

A

No - only present due to a disorder

13
Q

How does hair deflection occur in the ampulla?

A

The hair cells are surrounded by cupula and when endolymph moves it causes the cupula to move to one side which helps with hair deflection

14
Q

Where are the vestibular nuclei located?

A

In the brainstem

15
Q

What reflexes can occur as a result of vestibular information?

A

Vestibulospinal reflexes
Vestibulo-ocular reflexes
Vestibulocerebellar reflexes

16
Q

What is considered ‘otolith movement’?

A

Linear acceleration and tilt

17
Q

What type of movement does the utricle detect?

A

Horizontal movement

18
Q

What type of movement does the saccule detect?

A

Vertical movement

19
Q

What movement do the semicircular canals detect?

A

Angular acceleration

20
Q

What occurs in vestibulo-ocular reflexes?

A

Eye movement in the opposite direction to the head movement at the same velocity and amplitude

21
Q

What is the main symptom of a vestibular disorder?

A

Vertigo

22
Q

What components can be involved in a peripheral vestibular disorder?

A

The labyrinth or VIII nerve

23
Q

What can cause central vestibular disorders?

A

Conditions such as stroke, MS and tumours