NEURO01

Question 1

Is made up of vast neural networks; signaling enables thinking, language, feeling, learning, memory and all function and sensation

Answer 1

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 2

What are the components of the nervous system?

Answer 2

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 3

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 3

CNS

Question 4

Consist of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 4

PNS

Question 5

What are the 2 division of the peripheral nerves?

Answer 5

SOMATIC DIVISION
AUTONOMIC DIVISION

Question 6

Division of the peripheral nerves that communicates with the skin and skeletal muscles

Answer 6

SOMATIC DIVISION

Question 7

Division of the peripheral nerves thaat communicates with the smooth muscles, heart muscle, and glands

Answer 7

AUTONOMIC DIVISION

Question 8

What are the cells of the nervous system?

Answer 8

NEURON
MYELIN SHEATH
SCHWANN CELL
NODES OF RANVIER
AXONAL TERMINAL
ACTION POTENTIAL IN THE NS

Question 9

Receives impulses to and from the brain

Answer 9

NEURON

Question 10

Small tree-like structures that receive electrochemical messages

Answer 10

DENDRITE

Question 11

Spherical that enclose and protect the nucleus, most of which are located within the CNS

Answer 11

CELL BODY

Question 12

Long transmitting processes that carry electrical impulses away from the cell body

Answer 12

AXON

Question 13

What are the parts of the neuron?

Answer 13

NUCLEUS/CELL BODY
DENDRITE
AXON
SHCWANN CELLZ
NODE OF RANVIER
AXON TERMINALS
ETC.

Question 14

Types of neuroglia in the CNS?

Answer 14

ASTROCYTES
EPENDYMAL CELLS
MICROGLIA
OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 15

Have numerous processes that give the cell a starshaped appearance. They maintain the ion balance around neurons and control the exchange of materials between blood vessels and neurons

Answer 15

ASTROCYTES

Question 16

Line the fluidfilled cavities of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 16

EPENDYMAL CELLS

Question 17

Are phagocytic macrophages that provide a protective function by engulfing microorganisms and cellular debris

Answer 17

MICROGLIA

Question 18

Have fewer processes than astrocytes. They wrap these cytoplasmic processes around neurons to create an insulating barrier called myelin sheath

Answer 18

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 19

A white lilid substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.

Answer 19

MYELIN SHEATH

Question 20

Production of myelin sheath is called?

Answer 20

MYELINATION

Question 21

In the PNS, produces the myelin sheath around neuronal axons

Answer 21

SCHWANN CELL

Question 22

Periodic gap in the insulating sheath on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of the nerve impulses

Answer 22

NODES OF RANVIER

Question 23

Specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell

Answer 23

AXONAL TERMINAL

Question 24

Impulses that allow a neuron to communicate with other neurons and body cells

Answer 24

ACTION POTENTIAL IN THE NS

Question 25

MAJOR NEUROTRANSMITTERS WITH THEIR GENERAL CHEMICAL CLASSES

Answer 25

AMINES CATECHOLAMINES AMINO ACIDS POLYPEPTIDES

Question 26

Examples of amines

Answer 26

SEROTONIN ACETYL(BUT ACETYLCHOLINE IN ORIG)

Question 27

Example of catecholamines

Answer 27

DOPAMINE NOREPINEPHRINE EPINEPHRINE

Question 28

Examples of amino acids

Answer 28

GABA GLUTAMATE GLYCINE

Question 29

Examples of polypeptides

Answer 29

ENKEPHALIN ENDORPHIN

Question 30

Produced in stressful situations, increases HR and blood flow leading to physical boost and heightened awareness

Answer 30

ADRENALINE

Question 31

Calms firing nerves in the CMS. High levels improves focus, low levels cause anxiety. Also contributes to motor control and vision

Answer 31

GABA(CALMING)

Question 32

Affects attention and responding actions in the brain. Contracts blood vessels increasing blood flow

Answer 32

NORADRENALINE

Question 33

Involved in thought, learning and memory. Activates muscle action in the body. Also associated witg attention and awakening

Answer 33

ACETYLCHOLINE(LEARNING)

Question 34

Feelings of pleaseure, also addiction, movement and motivation. People repeat behaviors that lead to dopamine release

Answer 34

DOPAMINE(PLEASURE)

Question 35

Most common neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory, regulates development and creation of nerve contracts

Answer 35

GLUTAMATE

Question 36

Contributes to well being and happiness. Helps sleep cycle and digestive sytem regulation. Affected by exercise and light exposure

Answer 36

SEROTONIN( MOOD)

Question 37

Released during exercise, excitement and sex producing well being and euphoria reducing pain.

Answer 37

ENDORPHINS(EUPHORIA)

Question 38

Known as the seat of intelligence. Ability to read, write, speak,calculations,memory

Answer 38

CEREBRUM

Question 39

Deep groves dividing the surface of the cerebrum

Answer 39

FISSURES

Question 40

Surface of the cerebrum, the gray outer layer about 2 to 4 mm thick

Answer 40

CEREBRAL CORTEX

Question 41

Thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemisphere allowing communication between them

Answer 41

CORPUS CALLOSUM

Question 43

Controls movements of voluntary muscles, concentration, abstract thought, info storage, or memory and motor function, brocas area

Answer 43

FRONTAL LOBE

Question 44

Interprets sensory nerve impulses( pain, temp, touch), maintains proprioception, recognition of size, texture ans shape or objects.

Answer 44

PARIETAL

Question 45

Receives and interprets olfactory and auditory stimuli, wernickes area

Answer 45

TEMPORAL LOBE

Question 46

Receives and interprets visual stimuli, controls ability to understand written words.

Answer 46

OCCIPITAL LOBE

Question 47

Acts as a switching center for nerve messages, the relay center of all semsory input, serves as sorting, processing, and relay station for input into the cortical region

Answer 47

THALAMUS

Question 48

Inferior to the thalamus, regulates temperature, water metabolism, appetite, emotional expression, thirst, sleep-wake cycle

Answer 48

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 49

Forms the dorsal part of the diencephalon and includes the pineal body, which plays a role in endocrine that affects growth and development

Answer 49

EPITHALAMUS

Question 50

Controls other endocrine glands in the body and secretes hormones that control sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth, respond to stress and fight diseases

Answer 50

PITUITARY GLAND

Question 51

Helps regulate the body's internal clock and circardian rhythm by secreting melatonin

Answer 51

PINEAL GLAND

Question 52

Sense of smell

Answer 52

OLFACTORY

Question 53

Vision

Answer 53

OPTIC

Question 54

Eyeball movements, pupillary constriction, raising upper eyelid

Answer 54

OCULOMOTOR

Question 55

Eyeball movement(superior oblique eye muscle)

Answer 55

TROCHLEAR

Question 56

Sensation of upper scalp, upper eyelid,nose, nasal cavity, cornea, lacrimal gland, sensation of upper teeth, cheek, top lip, lower eyelid, and scalp, tongue, lower teeth, mastication(chewing)

Answer 56

TRIGEMINAL

Question 57

Lateral movement of the eyeball

Answer 57

ABDUCENS

Question 58

Facial expression and muscle movement, salivation and taste sensation, secretion of nasal, lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

Answer 58

FACIAL

Question 59

Sense of hearing and equilibrium

Answer 59

ACOUSTIC

Question 60

Swallowing, gag reflex, secretions of parotid, salivary glands, sense of touch, taste, pressure sensation in pharynx and tongue

Answer 60

GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL

Question 61

Swallowing, regulation of cardiac rate, and respirationz, digestion, sensation, from thoracic and abdominal organs, sense of taste

Answer 61

VAGUS

Question 62

Head and neck movement, proprioception,

Answer 62

ACCESSORY

Question 63

Movement of tongue for speech and swallowing

Answer 63

HYPOGLOSSAL

Question 64

Outermkst layer and covers brain and spinal cord

Answer 64

DURA MATER

Question 65

Middle layer, extremely thin delicate membrane that closely resembles a spider web

Answer 65

ARACHNOID

Question 66

Innermost, thin layer that hugs the brain closely

Answer 66

PIA MATER

Question 67

Protects the brain cells from harmful subsyances and pathogens

Answer 67

BBB

Question 68

In this system are the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

Answer 68

LIMBIC SYSTEM

Question 69

Regulates cyclical motor functions like respiration, walking and chewing

Answer 69

RETICULAR SYSTEM

Question 70

Center for conducting messages to and from the brain and as a reflex center

Answer 70

SPINAL CORD

Question 71

Responsible for receiving and transmitting info from and about the external environment

Answer 71

PNS

Question 72

It runs from sensory organs to CNS (brain and spinal cord)

Answer 72

SENSORY(AFFERENT)

Question 73

Pass info received from tje brain thru the spinal tracts to the skeletal muscles to direct precise voluntary movements

Answer 73

MOTOR(EFFERENT(

Question 74

A mixed nerve which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body

Answer 74

SPINAL NERVES

Question 75

They originate in the forebrain and brain stem

Answer 75

CRANIAL NERVES

Question 76

AKA general visceral motor system( heart, lungs, blood vessels, digestive organs, and glands

Answer 76

ANS

Question 77

Prepares the body to handle situations that are perceived as harmful or stressful

Answer 77

Sympathetic NS

Question 78

Operates during non stressful situations

Answer 78

Parasympathetic NS