Neuro1

Question 1

The notochord induces overlying ectoderm to differentiate into __________ and form the ______ ______.

Answer 1

Neuroectoderm

Neural Plate

Question 2

Neural plate gives rise to:

Answer 2

Neural tube (CNS)
Neural Crest cells (PNS)

Question 3

The CNS tissue is derived from:

Answer 3

Neural tube

Question 4

PNS is derived from:

Answer 4

Neural crest cells

Question 5

What does the notochord become in adults?

Answer 5

Nucleus pulposus of the interverterbral disc

Question 6

The Alar plate gives rise to what type of neurons?

Answer 6

Sensory

*Alar plate (Dorsal) - sensory

Question 7

The Basal plate gives rise to what type of neurons?

Answer 7

Motor

*Basal plate (Ventral) - motor

Question 8

What are the three primary vesicles of the developing brain?

Answer 8

Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

Question 9

The Forebrain (Prosencephalon) gives rise to what Secondary Vesicles?

Answer 9

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Question 10

The Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) gives rise to what Secondary Vesicles?

Answer 10

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

Question 11

Telencephalon gives rise to:

Answer 11

Cerebral Hemispheres (walls)
Lateral Ventricles (cavity)

Question 12

Diencephalon gives rise to:

Answer 12

Thalamus (walls)
Third Ventricle (cavity)

Question 13

Mesencephalon gives rise to:

Answer 13

Midbrain (walls)

Aqueduct (cavity)

Question 14

Metencephalon gives rise to:

Answer 14

Pons & Cerebellum (walls)

Upper Fourth Ventricle (cavity)

Question 15

Myelencephalon gives rise to:

Answer 15

Medulla (walls)

Lower Fourth Ventricle (cavity)

Question 16

Neural tube defects are associated with:

Answer 16

Low Folic Acid intake before conception and during pregnancy

Question 17

What is ELEVATED in neural tube defects?

Answer 17

a-Fetoprotein (AFP) in Amniotic fluid & Maternal serum

Question 18

Meningocele.

Answer 18

Meninges (NOT spinal cord) herniate through spinal canal defect

Question 19

Meningomyelocele.

Answer 19

Meninges & Spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect

Question 20

Anencephaly.

Answer 20

Malformed Anterior Neural tube - NO forebrain
“Frog like” appearance - Open calvarium

*NO swallowing center - cant get amniotic fluid into lungs – Polyhydramnios

Question 21

Anencephaly is associated with what maternal condition?

Answer 21

Type I Diabetes

Question 22

Holosprosencephaly.

Answer 22

Failure of Left & Right hemispheres seperation
Sonic Hedgehog Signaling pathway
Moderate form - Cleft lip/palate
Severe form - Cyclopia

Question 23

Arnold-Chiari malformation.

Answer 23

• Cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum
• Myelomeningoele & Paralysis below defect
• Hydrocephalus

Question 24

Dandy-Walker.

Answer 24

• Agenesis of cerebellar vermis w/ cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle
• Ass. w/ hydrocephalus & spina bifida

Question 25

Most common cause of hydrocephalus in newborns.

Answer 25

Cerebral Aqueduct Stenosis

*Pathoma