Neuro2 Common Brain Lesions

Question 1

Amygdala (bilateral)

Answer 1

Kltiver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior)

Associated with HSV-l.

Question 2

Frontal lobe

Answer 2

Disinhibition and deficits in concentration,
orientation, and judgment; may have
reemergence of primitive reflexes

Question 3

Right parietal lobe

Answer 3

Spatial neglect syndrome (agnosia of the

contralateral side of the world)

Question 4

Reticular activating system (midbrain)

Answer 4

Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (e.g.,

coma)

Question 5

Mammillary bodies

bilateral

Answer 5

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (Wernickeconfusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia; Korsakoff-memory loss, confabulation, personality changes)

Question 6

Basal ganglia

Answer 6

May result in tremor at rest, chorea, or athetosis

Question 7

Cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 7

Intention tremor, limb ataxia; damage to the cerebellum results in ipsilateral deficits; fall toward side of lesion (cerebellum to SCP to contralateral cortex to corticospinal
decussation = ipsilateral)

Cerebellar hemispheres are laterally located: affect lateral limbs.

Question 8

Cerebellar vermis

Answer 8

Truncal ataxia, dysarthria

Vermis is centrally located: affects central body

Question 9

Subthalamic nucleus

Answer 9

Contralateral hemiballismus

Question 10

Hippocampus

Answer 10

Anterograde amnesia-inability to make new

memories

Question 11

Paramedian pontine reticular formation

PPRF

Answer 11

Eyes look away from side of lesion

Question 12

Frontal eye fields

Answer 12

Eyes look toward lesion

Question 13

Central pontine

myelinolysis

Answer 13

Acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia,
and loss of consciousness. Commonly caused
by very rapid correction of hyponatremia.
Arrow in axial Tl-weighted MRI shows
abnormal increased signal in the pons

Question 14

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 14

Nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension
Broca’s area-inferior frontal gyrus

Broca’s Broken Boca

Question 15

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 15

Fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension
Wernicke’s area-superior temporal gyrus.

Wernicke’s is Wordy but makes no sense.
Wernicke’s = “What?”

Question 16

Global Aphasia

Answer 16

Nonfluent aphasia with impaired comprehension. Both Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas affected.

Question 17

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 17

Poor repetition but fluent speech, intact comprehension. Arcuate fasciculus- connects Broca’s, Wernicke’s areas

Can’t repeat phrases such as, “No ifs, ancls, or buts.”

Question 18

Aphasia

Answer 18

higher-order inability to speak

Question 19

Dysarthria

Answer 19

motor inability to speak