Neuroanatomy Flashcards
(36 cards)
1
Q
Definition: Nervous System
A
- Coordinates voluntary and Involuntary actions and transmits signals to form part of body.
2
Q
What is the Nervous System split into?
A
- Central nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
3
Q
What are the three main layers that protect the CNS ?
A
- Skull and spine
- Meninges
- Blood brain barrier
4
Q
What are the three layers of Meninges ?
A
- Dura matter
- Arachnoid
- Pia Matter (pious mother)
5
Q
Dura matter
A
- Closest to the skull
- Tougher case
6
Q
Arachnoid
A
- Web like appearance
- Contains Cerebrospinal fluid
7
Q
Pia Matter (pious mother)
A
- Tightly wrapped around brain
- Conforms to shape and all contours of brain
8
Q
Cerebrospinal fluid
A
- Provides nutrients to brain
> eg. electrolytes and glucose - Sub-arachnoid space below Arachnoid
9
Q
Blood Brain Barrier
A
- Prevents toxic substances from getting into the brain
- eg. Antigens (viruses,bacteria)
10
Q
Lipophobic
A
- Dosen’t get absorbed by fat
11
Q
What components is the Peripheral Nervous System divided into ?
A
- Automatic Nervous System (ANS)
- Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
12
Q
Automatic Nervous System (ANS)
A
- Automatic Internal processes
- eg. Heartbeat, temperature, breathing
- Split into Sympathetic/Parasympathetic
13
Q
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
A
- Voluntary Actions
- Interacts with external environment
- Split into Cranial/Spinal
14
Q
Afferent Nerve
A
- Carry signals to the CNS
15
Q
Efferent Nerve
A
- Signals away from the CNS
16
Q
Parasympathetic Nervous System
A
- Conserves energy
- Relaxes body
17
Q
Sympathetic Nervous System
A
- Mobilises energy for stressful situations
- Psychological arousal
18
Q
What is the collection of axons and cell bodies called in the CNS ?
A
- Axons > Tracts
- Cell bodies > Nuclei
19
Q
What is the collection of axons and cell bodies called in the PNS ?
A
- Axons > Nerves
- Cell bodies > Ganglia
20
Q
Cerebral Cortex
A
- Tissue layer that covers the 2 Hemispheres of the brain
21
Q
Why are the convolutions important on the brain ?
A
- Increase the amount of cortex without increasing volume
22
Q
Sulcus (sulci)
A
- Groove or Furrow on surface of brain
23
Q
Central Sulcus
A
- Ear to ear sulcus
- Separates the Parietal lobe and Frontal lobe
24
Q
Fissure
A
- Long narrow crack
- (Deep sulcus)
- Main crack that seperates the 2 hemispheres
25
Gyrus (Gyri)
- Ridge or fold on the surface of the brain
26
Lobe
- Roundish, flattish projecting or hanging part of something
- Often one or more parts divided by a fissure
27
What are the 3 sections of the brain ?
- Forebrain
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain
28
What are the 5 main divisions of the brain ?
- Telencephalon
- Diecephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Metencepalon
- Mylencephalon
29
Which of the 5 main divisions are located in the Forebrain ?
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
30
Which of the 5 main divisions are located in the Midbrain ?
- Mesencephalon
31
Which of the 5 main divisions are located in the Hindbrain ?
- Metencephalon
- Mylencephalon
32
What components are within the Telencephalon ?
- Basal Ganglia
> Behaviour/emotions, primary motor control etc.
- Limbic system
> Fight/flight, sexual behavoiur etc.
- Cerebral cortex
> 'Human parts'
33
What components are within the Diencephalon ?
- Thalamus
> Controls input to cerebral cortex
- Hypothalamus
> ANS, Sleep/arousal, control endocrine system etc.
34
What components are within the Mesencephalon ?
- Tactum
> Eye movement, Audiotory
- Tagmentum
> Reduced pain perception, movement etc.
35
What components are within the Metencephalon ?
- Cerebellum
> Visual, audiotory, balance, movement
> Modulates motor skills etc.
36
What components are within the Mylencephalon ?
- Pons
> Facial muscles, sleep/arousal
- Medulla
> Cardiovascular system, swallowing, coughing etc.
