Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What is the pons related to?

Answer 1

vision

Question 2

What is the medulla oblongata realted to?

Answer 2

Vital functions

Question 3

What does the spinal cord do?

Answer 3

Connects your brain to your lower back and carries nerve signals from your brain to your body and vice versa

Question 4

What is the olfactory bulb related to?

Answer 4

sense of smell

Question 5

What is the optic chiasm?

Answer 5

Happens when the optic nerves come together in order to allow for the crossing of fibers from the nasal retina to the optic tract on the right side

Question 6

What is the optic nerve related to and why is it special?

Answer 6

It is related to vision in animals and the left eye is processed in the right and right eye in the left.

Question 7

What is the hypophysis related to?

Answer 7

hormones

Question 8

What does afferent fibers mean?

Answer 8

related to sensory

Question 9

What does efferent fibers mean?

Answer 9

related to motor

Question 10

What is the ganglion?

Answer 10

structure containing nerve cell bodies

Question 11

What are the two plexus?

Answer 11

brachial and lumbosacral

Question 12

What are the parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 12

brain and spinal cord

Question 13

What is included in the peripheral nerves?

Answer 13

spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Question 14

What are general senses?

Answer 14

external stimuli, such as, pressure, stretch, and temperature

Question 15

What are considered special senses?

Answer 15

vision, hearing, taste, smell, balance

Question 16

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

Answer 16

peripheral nerves and their ganglia

Question 17

What is the peripheral nervous system divided into?

Answer 17

sensory (afferent) system and the motor (efferent) system

Question 18

What is the order of the neural circuit?

Answer 18

1) Skin receptor 2) Afferent or sensory neuron 3) synapses on interneuron 4) interneuron 5) Efferent or motor neuron 6) Striated muscle

Question 19

What are the two type of plexuses?

Answer 19

Brachial plexus and limb nerve plexus

Question 20

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 20

They are a glial cells that make up majority of the cells in the CNS. They provide nutrition and support.

Question 21

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 21

The myelinating cells of the CNS that allow fast and efficient transfer of neuronal communication through the myelination of axons.

Question 22

What do schwann cells do?

Answer 22

They are a type of glial cell that surrounds neurons, keeping them alive. They are the major glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 23

What can the CNS be divided into?

Answer 23

3 general regions, hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

Question 24

What is in the hindbrain?

Answer 24

medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum

Question 25

What is in the midbrain?

Answer 25

Short portion of brainstem rostral to pons (around where oculomotor nerves emerge)

Question 26

What are the two regions of the forebrain?

Answer 26

diencephalon and telencephalon

Question 27

What is included in the diencephalon?

Answer 27

1. epithalamus (including pineal gland) 2. Thalamus 3. hypothalamus (where the pituitary attaches)

Question 28

What are the parts of the telencephalon?

Answer 28

cerebral hemispheres (the 4 lobes names for their proximity to bones, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital)

Question 29

What are the 12 cranial nerves and their things that help you remember them?

Answer 29

olfactory nerve, optic nerve, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial nerve, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal. Old Opie Occasionally Tries Trigonometry And Feels Very Gloomy Vague And Hypoactive.

Question 30

What is the mnemonic to remember sensory, motor, or both

Answer 30

Some Say Money Matters, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

Question 31

What doe the olfactory nerve do?

Answer 31

sensory information from olfactory cells of nasal mucosa

Question 32

What does the optic nerve do?

Answer 32

visual (sensory) information from the retina

Question 33

Oculomotor

Answer 33

motor (somatic efferent) to muscles of the eye and eyelid

Question 34

Trochlear

Answer 34

motor (somatic efferent) to muscles of the eye

Question 35

Trigeminal

Answer 35

sensory to skin and deep structures of face; motor to muscles of jaw

Question 36

Abducens

Answer 36

motor to muscles of eye

Question 37

Facial Nerve

Answer 37

sensory for taste; motor for lips, cheeks, eyelids, and auricular (ear) muscles plus secretory activity and lacrimal glands

Question 38

Vestibulocochlear

Answer 38

vestibular (balance) and auditory (hearing) information from the inner ear

Question 39

Glossopharyngeal

Answer 39

sensory to pharynx and root of tongue; motor and parotid gland

Question 40

Vagus

Answer 40

sensory of skin of ear, of larynx and pharynx, parasympathetic to viscera (neck, thorax, and abdomen)

Question 41

Accessory

Answer 41

Muscles of the dorsal neck and shoulder

Question 42

Hypoglossal

Answer 42

motor to muscles of the tongue

Question 43

What is the hypothalamus part of?

Answer 43

visceral nervous system

Question 44

What does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 44

control of biological rhythms, water balance, body temperature, cardiovascular performance, sexual behavior and activity, sleep, and emotion

Question 45

How does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 45

through both neural and endocrine mechanisms

Question 46

Where is the pituitary gland?

Answer 46

attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk of nerve fibers and tissue called the infundibulum

Question 47

What is the general cells in the visceral afferent pathways?

Answer 47

mechanoreceptors in the viscera and blood vessels, recognizes changes in pressure

Question 48

What are the two parts of the visceral afferent pathways?

Answer 48

general and special senses

Question 49

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 49

involuntary visceral effectors, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glandular epithelial tissue, release of neurotransmitters into smooth muscles of the viscera

Question 50

What does the sympathetic release?

Answer 50

norepinephrine

Question 51

What does the parasympathetic release?

Answer 51

acetylcholine

Question 52

What are the two parts of the peripheral autonomic system?

Answer 52

sympathetic division (fight or flight) ad parasympathetic (rest and restore)

Question 53

What is the order of the brain membranes from outer to inner?

Answer 53

1. dura mater 2. subdural space 3. arachnoid space 4. subarachnoid space 5. pia mater

Question 54

What is the order of spinal cord membranes from outer to inner?

Answer 54

1. epidural space 2. dura mater 3. subdural space 4. arachnoid membrane 5. subarachnoid space 6. pia mater -- adhered to spinal cord

Question 55

What kind of junctions are at ependymal cells?

Answer 55

tight junctions, no large molecules can get in

Question 56

What is CSF?

Answer 56

an ultrafiltrate of plasma

Question 57

What are the ventricles of the brain lined with?

Answer 57

epithelium, ependymal cells, which produce CSF

Question 58

What is a choroid plexus?

Answer 58

a capillary tuft invaginating into the ventricle and covered by the ependymal lining

Question 59

What is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 59

It is where the capillaries of the brain and less permeable than the rest of the body. There is tight junctions of the vascular endothelial cells and transcellular transport occurs here.

Question 60

What are the spinal nerves of the forelimb?

Answer 60

radial nerve and median nerve

Question 61

What are the spinal nerves of the hindlimb?

Answer 61

femoral nerve, obturator nerve, sciatic nerve