Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What are the parts of the brainstem?

Answer 1

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 2

Where do most nerves that are responsible for eye movements arise from?

Answer 2

Midbrain

Question 3

Where are the cardiovascular and respiratory centres?

Answer 3

Medulla

Question 4

What is decussation?

Answer 4

The crossing of nerve fibres in an X

the body is controlled by the contralateral side of the brain

Question 5

What is a sulcus?

Answer 5

A groove in the brain separating adjacent gyri

Question 6

What is a gyrus?

Answer 6

A ridge/fold in the brain

Question 7

What is a fissure in the brain?

Answer 7

A large crack/split between adjacent large areas of the brain

Question 8

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 8

Higher cognition, speech, motor function

Question 9

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 9

Sensation, spatial awareness

Question 10

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 10

Memory, smell, hearing

Question 11

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 11

Vision

Question 12

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 12

Co-ordination and motor learning

Question 13

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 13

Central sulcus

Question 14

What is the optic chiasm?

Answer 14

An X shaped structure where optic fibres cross over

Question 15

Why can you get visual disturbances with a pituitary tumour?

Answer 15

Pituitary sits close to optic chiasm

Question 16

What is the uncus?

Answer 16

Part of the temporal lobe which can herniate and compress the midbrain of the brainstem

Question 17

Which cranial fossae are filled by the cerebrum?

Answer 17

Anterior and middle

Question 18

What 2 different types of tissue comprise the cerebrum?

Answer 18

Grey matter - surface of each cerebral hemisphere - processing and cognition

White matter - deeper parts of the brain - glial cells and myelinated axons connecting the various grey matter areas

Question 19

What divides the two hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 19

Longitudinal fissure

Question 20

What is the name of the white matter structure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 20

Corpus callosum

Question 21

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?

Answer 21

Lateral sulcus

Question 22

What is the lunate sulcus?

Answer 22

Groove located in the occipital cortex

Question 23

What lobe does the precentral gyrus belong to?

Answer 23

Frontal lobe (anterior to central sulcus)

Question 24

What lobe does the postcentral gyrus belong to?

Answer 24

Parietal lobe (posterior to central sulcus)

Question 25

What is the location of the primary motor cortex?

Answer 25

Precentral gyrus (of the frontal lobe)

Question 26

What is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 26

Postcentral gyrus (of the parietal lobe)

Question 27

What gyrus is responsible for the reception and processing of sound?

Answer 27

Superior temporal gyrus (of the temporal lobe)

Question 28

In which lobe is the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 28

Temporal lobe

Question 29

Where is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 29

Occipital lobe

Question 30

Describe the presentation of a stroke patient who's frontal lobe has been affected

Answer 30

Personality changes, inability to solve problems

Question 31

Describe the presentation of a stroke patient who's parietal lobe has been affected

Answer 31

Attention deficits, contralateral hemispatial neglect syndrome (where the patient does not pay attention to the side of the body opposite the lesion)

Question 32

Describe the presentation of a stroke patient who's temporal lobe has been affected

Answer 32

Recognition deficits (inability to recognise basic sounds, faces)

Question 33

Describe the presentation of a stroke patient who's occipital lobe has been affected

Answer 33

Visual field deficits

Question 34

In which cranial fossa does the cerebellum sit?

Answer 34

Posterior cranial fossa

Question 35

What separates the cerebellum from the occipital and temporal lobes?

Answer 35

Tentorium cerebelli (tough layer of dura)

Question 36

What important role does the thalamus play?

Answer 36

Relaying sensory information that ascends up from the body before being relayed to the cortex

Question 37

What makes up the diencephalon?

Answer 37

Thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior part of pituitary, pineal gland

Question 38

What structures make up the forebrain?

Answer 38

Cerebrum + diencephalon

Question 39

Name some structures included in the hindbrain

Answer 39

Cerebellum, pons, medulla

Question 40

How does venous blood from cerebral veins in the subarachnoid space get into the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 40

Via bridging veins which span the arachnoid and dural layers

Question 41

How does venous blood get from cerebral veins to the IJV in the neck?

Answer 41

Cerebral veins -> superior sagittal sinus -> confluence of sinuses -> transverse sinus -> sigmoid sinus -> IJV

Question 42

Where is the superior sagittal sinus located?

Answer 42

Longitudinal fissure