NEUROANATOMY - Cerebral Blood Supply

Question 1

What is the anterior portion of the optic radiation supplied by?

Answer 1

anterior choroidal artery

Question 2

What does the internal carotid supply?

Answer 2

Anterior circulation of the brain

Question 3

What does the vertebrobasilar artery supply?

Answer 3

The posterior circulation of the brain

Question 4

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery? Where does it arise from?

Answer 4

A VIPS COMMA

Anterior choroidal artery

Vidian artery
Inferior hypophyseal
Posterior Communicating
Superior hypophyseal

Cariticotympanic
Ophthalmic artery
Meningohypophyseal trunk
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery

Arises from common carotid at level of C4 - superior thyroid cartilage.

Question 5

Where does the right common carotid artery arise from?

Where does the left common carotid artery arise from?

Answer 5

Right CCA - bifircation of brachiocephalic trunk

Left CCA - arch of aorta

Question 6

What what point do the common carotids split to form the external and internal carotids?

Answer 6

Level of C4 - superior thyroid cartilage

Question 7

What are the 4 segments of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 7

1. cervical (the neck)
2. petrous (carotid canal from base of skull to middle cranial fossa)
3. cavernous (in cavernous sinus)
4. cerebral

Question 8

What are the main cerebral branches of ICA?

Answer 8

Ophthalmic, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating artery middle cerebral.

Question 9

What is the function of the posterior communicating artery?

Answer 9

It connects the posterior cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery (connects anterior and posterior cerebral circulation on one side)

Question 10

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 10

medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere to the back of the parietal lobe. Supplies legs and perineum.

Question 11

What does the anterior communicating artery do?

Answer 11

Connects the two anterior cerebral arteries

Question 12

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 12

Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres
supplies all motor/cortical parts except the legs and perineum

Question 13

Which ICA branch is the largest?

Answer 13

Middle cerebral artery

Question 14

What is the route of the vertebral artery?

Answer 14

Derived from subclavian and travels through foramen transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae, passes through foramen magnum and then becomes the basilar artery (anterior to spinal accessory nerve)

Question 15

What are the branches of the vertebral artery? (2)

Answer 15

Anterior spinal artery - connects the two verterbral arteries down the centre

posterior inferior cerebral artery (PICA) - supplies the inferior cerebellum

Question 16

What are the main branches of the basilar artery? (3)

Answer 16

1. anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
2. superior cerebellar artery
3. posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

Question 17

The basilar artery runs in parallel with what brain structure?

Answer 17

The pons.

Question 18

What does the AICA supply?

Answer 18

Anterior and inferior cerebellum

Question 19

What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?

Answer 19

The superior cerebellum

Question 20

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 20

Supplies posterior cerebrum - occipital lobe and temporal lobe

Question 21

What is the circle of Willis? Which structure is it formed around?

Answer 21

Collateral circulation between the two ICAs and vertebrobasilar arteries and connects anterior to posterior circulation

Forms around the optic chiasm and pituitary gland?

Question 22

Which nerve lies in close proximity to the posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery and what can it cause?

Answer 22

CN III - berry aneurysm - horner’s

Question 23

Which arteries supply the internal capsule?

Answer 23

1. Anterior cerebral
2. Middle cerebral
3. Anterior choroidal arteries

Question 24

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 24

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students.

Superior thyroid
Ascending Pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior Auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal

Question 25

What is the route of the external carotid artery?

Answer 25

The external carotid artery originates from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery at the level of the thyroid cartilage (C4) The external carotid artery’s size diminishes as it courses superiorly and gives off eight branches along its journey, and terminates at the parotid gland with its last two branches: the maxillary artery and the superficial temporal artery.

Question 26

What does the facial artery terminate as? What does the facial artery anastamose with?

Answer 26

Becomes the angular artery which suplies orbicularis oculi and lacrimal sac. Anastamoses with dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery

Question 27

Where are the anastamoses points between the internal carotid and external carotid artery? (3)

Answer 27

MEDIAL PALPEBRAL MARGIN: ECA - Angular artery (facial artery) ICA - Dorsal nasi (ophthalmic artery) LATERAL PALEPBRAL MARGIN ECA - transverse facial artery (superficial temporal) ICA - Lacrimal artery (ophthalmic) ORBIT ECA - Middle meningeal and deep temporal artery ICA - Lacrimal artery (ophthalmic)

Question 28

Where does the maxillary artery arise and terminate?

Answer 28

Main branches arise within infratemporal fossa (middle meningeal, inferior alveolar) and terminate in pterygopalatine fossa (infraorbital artery)

Question 29

Where is the infratemporal fossa located?

Answer 29

base of the skull, deep to masseter muscle.

Question 30

What is contained within the infratemporal fossa? Muscles, Nerves, Vessels.

Answer 30

MY LOVELY CAT MAKES PLAYFUL MOVES IN THE INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA. Muscles: medial and lateral pterygoids Nerves: Mandibular (CN V3), chorda tympani, Vessels: Arteries - Maxillary (middle meningeal) Veins - pterygoid plexus

Question 31

Where is the pterygopalatine fossa located?

Answer 31

between maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bones

Question 32

What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 32

1. Maxillary nerve 2. Pterygopalatine ganglion 3. Maxillary artery 4. Foramina (7) - pterygomaxillary fissure, foramen rotundum, inferior orbital fissure, pterygoid canal, pharyngeal canal, greater palatine canal, sphenopalatine foramen.

Question 33

Rupture of which vessels would cause a subdural haematoma? Rupture of which vessels would cause an extradural haematoma? Rupture of which vessels would cause a sub-arachnoid haemorrhage?

Answer 33

Subdural - cerebral bridging veins Extradural - middle meningeal artery Sub-arachnoid - berry aneurysm

Question 34

Which lobes do the following supply: 1. What does the anterior cerebral artery supply? 2. What does the middle cerebral artery supply? 3. What does the posterior cerebral artery supply? 4.What does the vertebrobasilar artery supply?

Answer 34

ACA - frontal and parietal MCA - peduncles, thalami, internal capsule PCA - inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe VBA - brainstem and cerebellum

Question 35

Which arteries are part of the circle of willis? Which arteries are not part of the circle of willis (2)

Answer 35

Anterior cerebral Anterior communicating Internal Carotid Posterior cerebral Posterior communicating NOT PART: Basilar artery Middle cerebral arteries

Question 36

What is the LGN supplied by?

Answer 36

1. Posterior choroidal arteries of PCA. 2. Anterior choroidal artery of ICA.