Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A SUMMER Principles of Anesthesia I - EB > Neuroanatomy - Exam 1 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy - Exam 1 Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How many vertebrae do we have total?

A

33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many vertebrae do we have:
Cervical?
Thoracic?
Sacral?
Coccygeal?

A

Cervical? 7
Thoracic? 12
Sacral? 5 (fused)
Coccygeal? 4 (fused into 2 distinct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Each vertebrae (except C1) is divided into 2 main parts:

A

-Anterior part –> the body
-Posterior segment –> vertebral arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 vertebral structures link the anterior and posterior segments of the vertebrae?

A

The lamina and pedicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The vertebral foramen houses these 3 things

A

-Spinal cord
-Nerve roots
-Epidural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do we use as a landmark to find the middle line of the back?

A

Spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cervical and Thoracic spinous processes tilt ___.

This requires a ___ needle approach

A

-Downward / Caudal
-Cephalad; Requires a needle approach from above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lumbar spinous processes stick out ___

A

Posterior and more horizontally

Lumbar vertebrae are more horizontal; easier to reach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

These are the openings between the vertebrae where spinal nerves exit the spine

A

Intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What two things form the anterior side of the vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral body and intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The posterior side of each vertebral foramen is formed by the ___ joints

A

Facet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When disc degenerate, intervertebral foramine become ___

A

Smaller / narrower

This can press on the spinal nerves and lead to pain / numbness / weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If a facet joint becomes injured, it can press on spinal nerves and cause pain and muscle spasms in the area of ___ served by that nerve

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The superior aspect of the iliac crest correlates with this vertebrae

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The posterior superior iliac spine correlates with this vertebrae

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This horizontal line runs across the top edges of the iliac crests and matches the L4 vertebrae

A

Intercristal line / Tuffier’s line

Space above this aligns with L3-L4
Space below this aligns with the L4-L5 –> safest place for SAB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the vertebrae the following landmarks correlate with:

Vertebra Prominens
Root of Spine of Scapula
Inferior Angle of Scapula
Rib Marigin 10 cm from Midline
Superior Aspect of iiac crest
Posterior Superior Iliac spine

A

Vertebra Prominens - C7
Root of Spine of Scapula - T3
Inferior Angle of Scapula - T7
Rib Marigin 10 cm from Midline - L1
Superior Aspect of iliac crest - L4
Posterior Superior Iliac spine - S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In infants up to one year, the intercristal line corresponds with the __ - ___ intervertebral space

A

L5-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The lamina of sacral vertebrae __ is incomplete and only bridged by ligaments

A

S5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In regards to caudal anesthesia, the sacral ___ is the landmark and the sacral ___ is where the drug goes

A

Sacral cornu
Sacral hiatus

Sacral hiatus acts as an acccess point for caudal anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What ligament covers the sacral hiatus

A

Sacrococcygeal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The spinal cord originates at at the _____ and terminates between the __ and __ vertebrae.

Where does it terminate in infants?

A

Medulla oblongata
L1 and L2
Infants: L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The cauda equina is a bundle of spinal nerves extending from ___ ___ to the ___ ___

What nerve roots does it consist of?

A
  • Conus medullaris to dural sac
  • Consists of nerve roots from L2 to S5 vertebrae and the coccygeal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the subarachnoid space end in adults?
Infants?

A

The dural sac; S2 in adults

S3 in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The filium terminale is an extension of the __ mater What is its main function?
Pia Anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx
26
The anterior spinal artery originates from the ___ artery and supplies the ___ portion of the spinal cord
Vertebral Anterior / Motor
27
This spinal artery supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord
Anterior spinal artery
28
The posterior spinal arteries emerge from the ___ ___ and originate from the ____ artery
Cranial vault Vertebral artery
29
The two posterior spinal arteries supply the ___ portion of the spinal cord
Posterior / sensory
30
Is the motor or sensory part of the spinal cord more vulnerable to ischemia? Why?
Motor It is supplied by the ASA. The ASA does not have a lot of collateral anastomotic links compared to the PSAs
31
Your patient experiences paralysis and loss of pain / temperature sensation. Which spinal artery do you suspect is ischemic?
Anterior
32
This supplies blood to the lower 2/3 of the spinal cord
Artery of Adamkiewicz
33
Where does the artery of Adamkiewicz arise from?
The aorta between the T7 and L2 regions ## Footnote damage to this artery can also lead to anterior spinal artery syndrome!!!
34
This ligament runs along the back and connects the tips of the spinous process from the upper back down to the lower back
Supraspinous ligament
35
List the layers we traverse during midline approach of spinal block
Skin Subcutaneous fat Supraspinous ligament Interspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum Dura mater Subdural space Arachnoid Mater Subarachnoid space ## Footnote *Silly fat spiders in love dance slowly around stage*
36
Layers we traverse during paramedian
Skin Subcutaneous Fat Ligamentum flavum Dura mater Subdural space Arachnoid mater Subarachnoid space ## Footnote *Pirates slice fat limes dancing slowly around stage
37
Order the meningeal layers from outermost to innermost
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia Mater | Pia is innermost, directly covers spinal cord
38
This space is located between the arachnoid and pia mater
Subarachnoid space
39
Name the 5 borders of the epidural space
Cranial Caudal Anterior Lateral Posterior
40
This plexus is valveless and drains blood from the cord and its lining
Batson's plexus
41
The presence of this connective tissue is controversial / not definitely confirmed but it is a potential reason for a unilateral epidural block
Pica mediana Dorsalis
42
What three things does the subarachnoid space contain?
CSF Nerve roots Spinal cord
43
During spinal anesthesia, a "pop" is felt when the needle passes through the __
dura mater
44
Effects of anesthetic in subdural space: Epidural dosing? Spinal dosing?
Epidural dosing: "high spinal" Spinal dosing: failed spinal block
45
This meningeal layer is significant for local anesthetic reabsorption
Pia mater
46
How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?
31
47
How many spinal nerves: Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar? Sacral? Coccyx?
Cervical: 8 Thoracic: 12 Lumbar: 5 Sacral: 5 Coccyx: 1
48
The anterior/ventral nerve root of the spinal nerve carries ___ and ____ information from the spinal cord to the body
motor autonomic
49
The posterior/dorsal nerve root brings ___ information from the body back to the spinal cord
sensory
50
What deratome does L1-4 serve?
Anterior and inner surface of lower limbs
51
What deratome does L4, 5 and S1 serve?
Foot
52
What deratome does L4 serve?
Medial side of great toe
53
What dermatome does S1,2 and L5 serve
Posterior and outer surface of lower limbs
54
What dermatome does S1 serve
lateral margin of foot and little toe
55
What dermatome does S2, 3 and 4 serve?
Perineum
56
What dermatome does T4 serve? T10? T12?
T4 - nipple line T10 - umbilical region T12 - inguinal / groin regions ## Footnote FYI: T6 - xiphoid process T8- lowermost part of anterior rib cage
57
What dermatome does C5 serve?
Clavicles
58
What dermatome does C5, 6 and 7 serve?
Lateral parts of upper limbs
59
What dermatome does C8 and T1 serve?
Medial sides of the upper limbs
60
What dermatome does C6 serve?
The thumb
61
What dermatome does C6,7 and 8 serve?
The hand
62
What dermatome does C8 serve?
Ring and little fingers
63
Sensory innervation of the face is taken care of via the ___ nerve
Trigeminal (CNV)
64
Name the branches of the trigeminal nerve
V1 - opthalmic V2- Maxillary V3 - Mandibular
65
Desired dermatomal level for peri-anal / anal surgery
S2-S5
66
Desired dermatomal level for foot / ankle surgery
L2
67
desired dermatomal level for thigh /lower leg / knee surgery
L1
68
Desired dermatomal level for vaginal delivery / uterine / hip procedure / tourniquet / TURP?
T10
69
Desired dermatomal level for scrotal surgery?
S3
70
Desired dermatomal level for penis surgery?
S2
71
Desired dermatomal level for testicular procedures?
T8
72
Desired dermatomal level for urologic/gynecologic/lower abdominal surgery?
T6
73
Desired dermatomal level for C section / upper abdominal surgery?
T4

A SUMMER Principles of Anesthesia I - EB (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions