neuroanatomy pt2 Flashcards
(17 cards)
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
- increases the likelihood that the post synaptic neuron will fire an action potential (AP)
- decreases membrane potential
- depolarize the membrane
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
- decreases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire an action potential (AP)
- increases membrane potential
- hyperpolarize
EPSP/IPSP vs AP
EPSP/IPSP:
- graded (vary in sizes)
- decremental (gets smaller as it travels across the neurone)
- rapid
AP:
- not graded (“all or nothing” - one size)
- not decremental (stays the same as it travels)
- less rapid than psps.
central fissure
divides frontal and parietal lobes
lateral fissure
divides frontal and temporal lobes
the insula
- deep in the lateral fissure
- mini cortex under the contex
- has multiple roles (mainly in sensory and emotions like disgust/anger)
parts of the basal ganglia
- 2 divisions –> striatum and globus pallidus
- striatum = caudate + putamen
nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum)
fancy way of saying bottom of striatum
- role in motivation and addiction
cortical layers
4 = input layer
#5 = output layer
cerebal blood flow
- constant supply of oxygen + glucose
- 4 arteries
- two internal carotid arteries (left & right)
- two vertebral arteries
- without blood we will die because we can’t produce ATP and our brain does not have any other source/reserve of energy.
skull & meninges
1) duramatter (outermost meninges)
2) arachnoid matter (middle meninges)
3) Pia matter (last layer)
- CSF between arachnoid and Pia matter
duramatter
- very durable
- thick and tough
- means tough mother in latin
arachnoid matter
- very hard to spot
- spider web like texture
pia matter
- very thin
- translucent layer
- final membrane
CSF flow
1) lateral ventricles (produced here)
2) third ventricle
3) cerebal aqueduct
4) fourth ventricle
- some CSF goes around the brain and the rest goes to the spinal cord and exits into body
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
most important role is protecting the brain when your head is hit
-also maybe has a role in sleep/nutrition/metabolic waste
hydrocephalus
- when the flow of CSF is blocked or impaired
- solution = a shunt
- CSF is constantly being produced so a blockage causes pressure on the brain
-enlarged headsize- enlarged ventricles
- flattened gyri/narrow sulci
