Neuroanatomy quiz: Human brain

Question 1

Central sulcus

Answer 1

The central sulcus is a groove in the brain that separates the frontal and parietal lobes. Goes through both hemispheres.

Question 2

Sylvian/lateral Fissures

Answer 2

The lateral sulcus is a deep fissure in each hemisphere that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.

Question 3

Gyrus/gyri difference from sulci

Answer 3

Gyrus is a ridge on the surface of the brain. Each ridge is surrounded by fissures known as sulci (singular: sulcus).

Question 4

The largest part of the human brain is the cerebrum. It is divided into two large, separate hemispheres: one on the left side and the other on the right. The hemispheres are connected by bundles of nerve fibers that carry information from one side of your brain to the other. The largest of these bundles forms a bridge between the cerebral hemispheres and is called the ——.

Answer 4

corpus callosum

Question 5

Frontal lobe

Answer 5

Question 6

Parietal lobe

Answer 6

Question 7

Occipital lobe

Answer 7

ontop cerebellum

Question 8

Temporal lobe

Answer 8

Question 9

Limbic lobe (2)

what it contains + general location

Answer 9

The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses.
located lateral to the thalamus, beneath the cerebral cortex, and above the brainstem

Question 10

The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by a space called the ——, and from the temporal lobe by the —–.

Answer 10

• central sulcus
• lateral fissure

Question 11

The parietal lobe is behind the —-, separated by the —-. Areas in the parietal lobe are responsible for integrating sensory information, including touch, temperature, pressure and pain.

Answer 11

• frontal lobe
• central sulcus

Question 12

Boundaries of the occipital lobe

Answer 12

The boundaries of the occipital lobe have been arbitrarily defined, giving it a triangular shape. It sits posterior to the temporal lobe and parietal lobes, underlying the occipital bone and overlying the tentorium cerebelli. The parieto-occipital sulcus is at the division between the parietal and occipital lobes

Question 13

Precentral Gyrus

What + where

Answer 13

Motor

Question 14

The parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 14

Question 15

Locate the frontal, temporal, limbic, occipital and parietal lobes:

Answer 15

Question 16

What is 1,2,3,11 and 12?

Answer 16

1 = Olfactory nerve (CNI)
2= Optic nerve (CN II)
3= Optic chaism
11 = mamillary body
12= Basilary artery

Question 17

Postcentral gyrus (2)

What + where

Answer 17

The postcentral gyrus receives and integrates sensory information relating to touch, pain, temperature, vibration, proprioception and movement. The postcentral gyrus forms the primary somatosensory cortex (Brodmann’s areas 3,1,2). It is located on the parietal lobe, immediately posterior to the central sulcus.

Question 18

The 3 meningeal layers:

Answer 18

1. Dura: Outermost layer, connected to the skull
2. Arachnoid: attaches tightly to the inner dural layer
3. Pia: Innermost layer, attaches tightly to the brain, following gyri and sulci

Question 19

Dural layers:

Answer 19

• Composed of two layers that are fused except in certain places where the innermost layer creates folds known as dural reflections

Periosteal layer and Meningeal layer

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Arachnoid granulations

Answer 21

Speacialized portion of arachnoid that protrude into the superior sagittal sinus, they are involved in the reabsorption of CSF.

Question 22

Real space vs potential space

Answer 22

Question 23

Epidural space

Answer 23

Potential space between the skull and periosteal layer of dura

Question 24

Subdural space

Answer 24

Potential space between the dura and arachnoid

Question 25

Subarachnoid space

Answer 25

Real space between the arachnoid and pia. This space is filled with CSF.

Question 26

Epidural hematoma (3) | What is it + radiological appearance + symptoms

Answer 26

- There are meningeal arteries that run in the epidural space. These arteries branch off the external carotid arteries and supply the dura. The potential epidural space becomes a real space via a bleed from a meningeal artery resulting in a epidural hematoma.

Question 27

Subdural Hematoma (4) | What + radiological appearance + type (2)

Answer 27

- Bridging veins drain the cerebral hemispheres and traverse the subdural space on their way to large dural venous sinuses. When shearing force are applied to the head, bridging veins can rupture creating a real subdural space. This results in a venous hemorrhage in the subdural space and generally a slow developing subdural hematoma.

Question 28

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (4)

Answer 28

- This real space contains the cerebrospinal fluid and major arteries / veins on the surface of the brain. The vessels are suspended within the arachnoid trabeculae, connective tissue strands connecting the arachnoid and pia mater. Rupture of an arterial aneurysm (a localized, abnormal bulging or dilation of a blood vessel wall), releasing blood into the subarachnoid space, is called a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Question 29

List the meningeal layer and space from most superior to inferior (9):

Answer 29

Question 30

Which space is real?

Answer 30

Question 31

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 31

The cingulate gyrus is a component of the limbic system, consisting of a curved fold covering the corpus callosum (a bundle of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres).

Question 32

Superior temporal gyrus

Answer 32

The superior temporal gyrus houses the auditory cortex, which processes sounds through precisely mapped sound frequencies.

Question 33

Intraventricular foramen

Answer 33

Communication between lateral and 3rd ventricle

Question 34

Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 34

Question 35

How does the CSF flow?

Answer 35

From the lateral ventricles through the intraventricular foramen to the 3rd ventricle to the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle. Fourth ventricle has median and lateral apertures. Those aperture communicates CSF to the subarchanoid space. The subarachnoid space flows all around the brain to the arachnoid granulations that filter CSF from subarachnoid space to the superior sagittal sinus then to blood.

Question 36

Forebrain (3)

Answer 36

Forebrain can be organized into: 1. Telecephalon: Cerebral hemispheres + deep structures 2. Diecephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, deep structures

Question 37

Locate the five lobe and central and PO sulcus:

Answer 37

Question 38

Grey vs White matter | brain and spinal cord + difference

Answer 38

Question 39

What are the different types of brain volume increase and what can they cause?

Answer 39

Question 40

Falx cerebri

Answer 40

Question 41

Tentorium cerebelli | location + what it does

Answer 41