Neuroanatomy review 2

Question 1

Name the different types of focal cerebral lesions that can arise

Answer 1

1. Vascular
2. Tumours
3. Abscess
4. Hydrocephalus

Question 2

What can vascular lesions lead to

Answer 2

Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

Stroke

Question 3

What is a stroke

Answer 3

A neurological deficit of vascular origin lasting more than 24 hours

Question 4

what can a stroke be due tO

Answer 4

Infarction or haemorrhage

Question 5

Name the most common focal cerebral lesion

Answer 5

Vascular

Question 6

Name the 2 main arteries that supply the brain

Answer 6

Vertebral artery

Internal carotid artery

Question 7

Name soem of the branches of the vertebral artery

Answer 7

1. Posterior inferior cerebella artery

2. Basilar artery

Question 8

What does the Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply

Answer 8

The posterior inferior portion of the cerebellum

Question 9

What do the vertebral arteries form

Answer 9

They fuse in the midline of the brain to form the basilar artery

Question 10

Where is the basilar artery found

Answer 10

In the ventral aspect of the pons

Question 11

What does the basilar artery supply

Answer 11

The pons

Question 12

What does the basilar artery split into

Answer 12

1. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
2. Superior cerebellar artery
3. Posterior cerebral artery

Question 13

What does the Anterior inferior cerebella artery supply

Answer 13

Anterior inferior portion of the cerebellum

Question 14

What does the superior cerebella artery supply

Answer 14

The superior aspect cerebellum

Question 15

na

Answer 15

na

Question 16

List the branches fo the internal carotid artery

Answer 16

1. Middle cerebral artery

2. Anterior cerebral artery

Question 17

What connects the posterior cerebral arteries and the internal carotid arteries

Answer 17

Posterior communicating arteries

Question 18

What connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries

Answer 18

Anterior communicating arteries

Question 19

What do the arteries supplying the brain form

Answer 19

A circle of willis

Question 20

Which arteries are involved int eh circle of willis

Answer 20

1. Anterior cerebral artery
2. Middle cerebral artery
3. Internal carotid artery
4. Posterior communicating artery
5. Posterior cerebella artery
6. Basilar artery
7. Anterior communicating artery

Question 21

Why is the circle of willis important

Answer 21

It works as collateral in case there is a blockage in any of the arteries

Question 22

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 22

1. Superior and medial areas of frontal and parietal lobes

2. Corpus callosum

Question 23

What does the middle cerebral artery supply

Answer 23

Lateral areas of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobed

Question 24

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 24

1. Occipital lobes
2. Inferior and medial surfaces of the temporal lobes
3. Inferior aspects of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 25

Name some other branches off the arterial circle

Answer 25

1. Striate arteries | 2. Deep perforating arteries

Question 26

Describe striate arteries

Answer 26

Delicate arteries

Question 27

What do deep perforating arteries supply

Answer 27

1. Deep nuclei 2. Deep grey matter 3. Internal capsule 4. Major descending motor pathway

Question 28

What is the internal capsule made up of

Answer 28

Major fibre bundles to and from the cerebral cortex

Question 29

Name the different meninges layers from outer to inner most

Answer 29

1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia Mater

Question 30

Describe the dura mater

Answer 30

Tough fibrous protective layer

Question 31

Describe the Arachnoid mater

Answer 31

Thin delicate layer almost spider web like and very vascular

Question 32

What is found under the Arachnoid mater

Answer 32

The cerebral arteries and Cerebrospinal fluid (the subarachnoid space)

Question 33

Describe the Pia mater

Answer 33

Microscopically thin | It follows the gyri and sulci so is impossible to separate from brain

Question 34

What can happen if an artery or vein is damaged

Answer 34

Can lead to haemorrhage in the meninges layers

Question 35

Give examples of haemorrhages that can happen in the meninges

Answer 35

1. Epidural haemorrhage 2. Subdural haemorrhage 3. Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 36

What is an epidural haemorrhage caused by

Answer 36

Torn meningeal artery

Question 37

Whta is a subdural haemorrhage caused by

Answer 37

Torn bridging veins

Question 38

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by

Answer 38

Torn cerebral artery