Neuroanatomy terms Flashcards
(18 cards)
Describe the coronal plane & the sections it delineates
Coronal plane is vertical separation of front, anterior, and rear, posterior
Describe the sagital plane & the parts it delineates
The Sagittal plane is vertical at midline separating left & right
Describe the actual/transverse plane & what parts it delineates
It is horizontal separating the superior/upper from the inferior/lower parts
What is lateral view and anterior view
Lateral is side
Anterior is front
What are other terms for anterior and posterior
Anterior/ventral
Posterior/dorsal
What do medial & lateral refer to?
Medial is nearer the median plane
Lateral is further away from the median plane Lateral
Explain proximal & distal
On limbs proximal is nearer where the limb attaches to the structure/body, distal is further from where it attaches
Explain cranial/cephalad and caudal
Cranial/cephalad is toward the head
Caudal is toward the inferior spine
Explain superficial vs deep
Superficial is nearer the surface, deep is farther from the surface
Explain parietal vs visceral
Parietal is pertaining to the outer wall of a body cavity
Visceral is pertaining to the covering of an organ
Explain prone vs supine patient position
Prone is face down, supine is face up (can also be in hands, prone palm down supine palm up
Name the basic structural & functional cellular unit found in the nervous system
A neuron
What are the 6 basic parts of a neuron?
Dendrites going into the cell body/soma with an axon coming out of it ending in axon terminals, axon covered by myelin sheath interspersed with nodes
What happens when a stimulus is delivered locally to a neuron?
Membrane Depolarization - the stimulus cause a change in cell membrane permeability causing a net current flow from outside to the inside of the cell. This causes a change in the membrane potential during which the potential reverses & the inside of the cell becomes more positive then the outside
What is the name of the point of contact between 2 neurons?
Synapse
Is it true the neurotransmitters are always excitatory?
No, they can also be inhibitory
What is the name of the outer surface of the brain & what kind of cells are found in it?
Cerebral cortex, pyramidal cells
What happens when an action potential reaches the axonal terminals
It causes the release of a chemical called a neurotransmitter in the synaptic space between adjacent cells which interacts with the next cell to generate a postsynaptic potential (either excitatory or inhibitory)
