Neurobiology of everyday life

Question 1

The 4 basic functions:

Answer 1

1. Voluntary movement- relates to the moving of the skeletal muscles
2. Perception- relates to the sensory inputs (occurs in the forebrain. Appreciation of sensory inputs occur in the cerebral cortex)
3. Homeostasis [autonomic changes]- occurs in the spinal cord/brain stem (forebrain contribution to homeostasis is hormonal
4. Abstract functions- Depend entirely on the forebrain, cerebral cortex

Question 2

Fun fact: About neurons

Answer 2

1.) in the human brain, there are roughly 85 billion neurons

there are under a thousand motor neurons

2.) The longest neuron runs from your big toe to the base of your spinal cord. Sciatic nerve

Question 3

Factors in which neurons differentiate: [4]

Answer 3

1. Excitability (how talkative it is)
2. Neurotransmitter (what chemical substance it uses)
3. Speed
4. Affirmative vs Negative

Question 4

What are glial cells?

Answer 4

Provide structural support for neurons. Glia literally means “neural glue”

Neurons do not exist without glial cells

Question 5

What is included in the
CNS
PNS:

Answer 5

CNS: Brain and Spinal Cord
PNS: Nerves and Ganglion (collection of neuronal bodies found in the voluntary and autonomic branches of the PNS)

Question 6

What are the types of Glial Cells present in your CNS?

Answer 6

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligocytes
3. Microglia
4. Ependymal cells
5. Radial glia

Question 7

What are the types of Glial Cells present in your PNS?

Answer 7

1. Schwann cells (makes myelin)

2. Satelite cells

Question 8

What is the function of myelin?

Answer 8

• Fatty wrap/ insulating layer or sheath that forms around nerves
• Allow electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells
• Axon with a myelin sheath will have a faster transfer rate than demyelinated axon (transfer is degraded)

Question 9

What neurons do demyelinating diseases main affect?

Answer 9

motor neurons