Neurodevelopment Flashcards
What establishes the embryos cranio-caudal axis?
piece of mesoderm called the notochord
What does the neuroectoderm give rise to?
The neural tube and the neural crest cells
How does the neural tube form?
neuroectoderm thickens to form a neural plate, a trough appears called the neural groove
the sides of the plate fuse and seal over the top to form the neural tube
What are the ends of the neural tube called?
rostral and caudal neuropores
What kind of canal does the neural tube surround?
a fluid filled neural canal
What does the neural canal form?
the inner ventricular system
What are the three cell layers that develop within the inner tube?
Innermost germinal layer
Middle mantle layer
Outer marginal layer
Where do the neurones migrate to in the brain?
They migrate outwards from the innermost germinal layer to the outer marginal layer
Where do the neurones migrate outwards to in the spinal cord?
From the innermost germinal layer to the middle mantle layer
What two further regions does the forebrain develop into?
The diencephalon and the telencephalon (cerebrum)
What end of the neural canal is the diencephalon?
The rostral end of the neural tube/canal
What is the name of the tissue that goes across the midline and joins the walls of the neural tube?
interthalamic adhesion
How does the third ventricle form?
The dorsal and ventral components are split by the interthalamic adhesion
the dorsal and ventral canals then re-unite rostrally
the resulting ring like structure forms the third ventricle
What are the two further regions of the hindbrain?
The metencephalon and the myelencephalon
What does the metencephalon form?
The pons and the cerebellum
What does the myelencephalon form?
the medulla oblongata
What do dorsal outgrowths from the neural tube give rise to?
cerebral hemispheres/ cerebellum
Where do the cerebral hemispheres arise from?
they arise from the thalamus as bilateral outgrowths
each contain dorsolateral recess of the neural canal which forms the lateral ventricles
What connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?
via interventricular foramens
What is the name of the groove in the neural canal that begins the development of the spinal cord?
the sulcans limitans
What does the sulcans limitans demarcate the neural canal into?
- dorsal (alar) plate, associated with sensory functions
- ventral (basal) plate, associated with motor functions
What kidn of fluid is carried in the central canal?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What do the columns of neural crest cells go on to form?
goes on to form the PNS and other cell types
What different cell populations do the neural crest cells go on to form?
Melanocytes
* Noradrenaline-secreting cells of adrenal medulla
* Schwann cells
* Post-synaptic cell bodies of autonomic ganglia
