Neurodevelopmental D/o and Intellectual Disability Flashcards
(25 cards)
When referring to a pt with a neurodevelopmental d/o, you should use what kind of language?
person first language
What is the controversy behind using person first language?
Awkward when writing
Groups embrace as a source of positive identity
Onset of neurodevelopmental d/o is in the _____ period (prior to ____ y/o)
developmental periods
<18 y/o
Neurodevelopmental d/o include what three dx?
Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Autism spectrum d/o
Neurodevelopmental d/o are characterized by developmental deficits that impair ____, ____, ____, and ____ functioning
personal, social, academic, and occupational
Global developmental delay can be dx in patients who are ____ y/o who fail to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of functioning (____ standard deviations below the mean)
<5 y/o
>2 SD
T/F: Global developmental delay and ID are interchangeable terms
F; GDD does not meet ID criteria
Pts with global developmental delay cannot keep their dx past ___ y/o and thus require frequent reassessment over time
5 y/o
Intellectual disability can be dx’d if a pt has significant limitations in intellectual fxning AND in _______, with an onset ____ y/o
everyday adaptive fxning
onset <18 y/o
Severity (mild, moderate, severe, profound) of intellectual disability is based on ____, not _____
adaptive fxn, not IQ
Pts with intellectual disability will be (less/more) socially engaged than a patient with Autism Spectrum D/o
more
Intelligence refers to _____ abilities, such as reasoning, planning, problem solving, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience
mental
Adaptive functioning includes ____, ___, and ____ skills. Examples of each?
Conceptual (academic) skills: memory, language, reading, writing, math reasoning, problem solving, judgment, self-direction
Social skills: awareness of others’ thoughts, feelings, experiences; empathy, interpersonal communication skills, friendship abilities, and social judgment
Practical skills: activities of daily living (personal care), job responsibilities, manage money, recreation, safety, health care
Lack of communication skills may predispose individuals with ID to _____ and _____ behaviors → exploitation by others, victimization, unintentional crime involvement, risk for abuse, etc.
disruptive and aggressive
What are some common tools to measure intellectual functioning? Which one is the most commonly used?
Which one is delivered nonverbally?
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB-5)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV)
Differential Ability Scales (DAS-II) is most common
Leiter-3 (delivered nonverbally)
What is the % prevalence of intellectual disability?
1-3 %
The etiology of intellectual disability is unknown in up to ~___% of cases
60%
In what population is intellectual disability most common?
school age males
T/F: Mild intellectual disability is more prevalent in developing countries or areas with lower SES
T
If intellectual disability is associated with a genetic syndrome, what may the patient also have? (guess what I’m thinking lol)
a characteristic physical appearance (phenotype)
Identifiable causes for intellectual disability include:
___% perinatal insult (L & D related events)
___-___% postnatal insult (sz d/o, TBI, infxns)
___-___% prenatal genetic syndromes (maternal dz/virus, teratogen exposure)
5%
1-5%
50-70%
What is the most common chromosomal abnormality, leading to intellectual disability?
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
What is the most common heritable etiology of intellectual disability?
Fragile X
What are some examples of early stage signs of intellectual disability? (x4, with examples)
Delayed receptive/expressive language development–> Lack of early babbling, slowed development of single word/phrase speech
Adaptive delay–> Significant difficulties w/ toileting, self-feeding, dressing activities
Signs of cognitive delay/difficulties w/ pre academics
Lack of appropriate play skills–> Play w/ toys for younger children; functional play at age where imaginative play would be expected
