Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards

Question

What are some common side effects of Ritalin?

Answer 1

Insomnia Loss of appetite Headaches GI upset Anxiety Irritability Raised BP and pulse rate Growth deceleration

Answer 2

Dopamine and Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Answer 3

Dexamphetamine Lisdexamphetamine (prodrug)

Answer 4

This is dexamphetamine that has been complexed with lysine to make an inactive form and this is gradually broken down into the active forms inside red blood cells which acts similar to the extended release forms of methylphenidate

Answer 5

Children who do not respond to stimulants Where there are dopaminergic adverse effects such as tics, anxiety and stereotypies. Suicidal thoughts and liver disease.

Answer 6

A - persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative, not exhaustive; see text): 1 - Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, ranging, for example, from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation; to reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect; to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions. 2 - Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, ranging, for example, from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication, to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures, to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication. 3 - Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships, ranging, for example, from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts; to difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends; to absence of interest in peers. SPECIFY Severity - based on social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. (B) Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative, not exhaustive): 1 - Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech 2 - Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal and non-verbal behavior 3 - Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus 4 - Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment. SPECIFY severity based on social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. C - Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (may not become fully manifested until social demands exceed limited capacities, or may by masked by learned strategies in later life) D - Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning. E - These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay. ID and ASD frequently co-occur; to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and ID, social communication should be below that of expected for general developmental level.

Answer 7

A - Deficits social communication and social interaction multiple contexts 1 - Social-emotional reciprocity 2 - Nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction 3 - Developing, maintaining and understanding relationships B - Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities 1 - Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects or speech 2 - Sameness, routines, patterns 3 - Fixated interests 4 - Hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory input C - present since early developmental period D - clinically significant impairment E - not better explained by ID or global developmental delay

Answer 8

1. With or without accompanying intellectual impairment 2. With or without accompanying language impairment 3. Associated with a known medical or genetic condition or environmental factor 4. Associated with another neurodevelopmental, mental or behavioral disorder 5. With catatonia 6. Severity for both criterion A and B

Answer 9

Level 1 - Requiring support Level 2 - Requiring substantial support Level 3 - Requiring very substantial support

Answer 10

Autistic disorder Asperger's disorder Childhood disintegrative disorder Pervasive developmental disorder

Answer 11

Prevalence is about 1-2% Risk factors: Environmental: advanced parental age, extreme prematurity, in utero exposure to certain drugs or teratogens, low birth weight Genetic: 15% of cases of ASD appear to be associated with genetic mutation. Majority of these cases appear to be polygenic with hundreds of genetic loci making relatively small contributions Prognostic: presence or absence of associated intellectual developmental disorder and language impairment and mental health problems affects the prognosis. More common in boys than girls in a ratio of about 4:1

Answer 12

Intellectual and language impairment Theory-of-mind deficits (difficulty seeing the world from another's perspective) Executive function deficits Difficulty with central coherence - inability to understand context, overfocus on the details Motor deficits (odd gait, clumsiness, walking on tip toes) Self injury - head banging, biting the wrist

Answer 13

ADHD IDD Language and communication disorders Selective mutism Stereotypic movement disorder Retts Syndrome Anxiety disorders Personality disorders OCD SCZ

Answer 14

IDD Language disorders Anxiety, depression, ADHD Restrictive food intake disorder Epilepsy Constipation

Answer 15

Varied according to age, level of impairment, co-morbidities, family, social situation Goal is to increase the patient's ability to function Speech therapy and OT Special school placement or grants (SW) Behavior and communication therapy Establishing a clear and consistent routine Family support and counseling Pharmacotherapy only indicated for certain reasons. Antipsychotics may be used in aggressive behavior or self-harming activity SSRIs can be used for motor stereotypies and anxiety Mood stabilizers such as Epilim, Carbamazepine can be used to limit troublesome behaviors. Referral to a subspecialist in Child or Adolescent Psychiatry is recommended in cases where management has proved difficult

Answer 16

Deficits in eye tracking Lack of response to their name Milestone regression or plateau from approximately 17 months

Answer 17

- more common in boys than girls - prevalence is approximately 1% of the general population - children with mild disorder represent the majority of cases constituting approximately 85% - children with moderate disorder constitute roughly 10% of those identified `

Answer 18

Intelligence Quotient: score on a test that rates the person's intellectual function, or cognitive ability, as compared to the general population. IQ tests, for example the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, use a standardized scale normed for particular populations, with a mean score of 100. On most tests, a score between 85 and 115 indicates average intelligence. An intellectual disability may be diagnosed when the IQ score is 2 or more standard deviations below the population mean, including a margin of error of measurement of 5 points. IQ score of 65-75.

Answer 19

Characterized by deficits in general mental abilities and impairment in everyday adaptive functioning, with overall onset in early developmental period.

Answer 20

The ability to adapt to the needs of everyday living and required conceptual, social and practical skills.

Answer 21

Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. The following three criteria must be met: A. Deficits in intellectual functions, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing. B. Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life, such as communication, social participation, and independent living, across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community. C. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period.

Answer 22

Mild Moderate Severe Profound These are graded in each of 3 domains: - conceptual - social - practical

Answer 23

Reasoning Problems solving Planning Abstract thinking Judgement Academic learning Learning from experience

Answer 24

Failure to meet developmental and socio-cultural standards Limitation of activities of daily living such as: Communication Social participation Independent living skills

Answer 25

Competence in memory language reading writing mathematic reasoning acquisition of practical knowledge problem solving judgement in novel situations

Answer 26

Awareness of other's thoughts, feelings, and experiences, empathy, interpersonal communication skills, friendship abilities, and social judgement.

Answer 27

Involves learning and self-management across life settings, including personal care, job responsibilities, money management, recreation, self-management of behavior, and school and work task organization, among others.

Answer 28

Autosomal abnormalities such as down syndrome Sex chromosome abnormalities such as Kleinfelter's syndrome Other genetic abnormalities such as fragile X syndrome, prader-willi syndrome, phenyketonuria, retts disorder, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, lesch-nyhan synndrome.

Answer 29

Infections - HIV, syphilis, rubella Toxins - FASD, prescribed medications Maternal illness (HPT, DM, HIV) Metabolic disorders

Answer 30

Birth trauma/asphyxia Infections (HIV, gonorrhea) Enddocrine disorders Kernicterus Neonatal disorders Preterm or very low birth weight

Answer 31

Infections - TBM Head injury/trauma Seizure disorders Toxins Malnutrition Neurodegenerative disorders Some sociocultural factors: - poverty, social deprivation, lack of environmental stimulations, lack of opportunities to learn or practice skills

Answer 32

Grover Counter Test Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales

Answer 33

Small head Small eye opening Low nasal bridge Flat midface Smooth philtrum Thin upper lip

Answer 34

Low body weight Short height Sleep and sucking difficultiies Vision and hearing problems Delayed speech and language development Difficulty concentrating and short attention span Hyperactivity Learning disabilities Low IQ Poor coordination Poor reasoning and judgement Poor school performance Poor short-term memory

Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards

IDD, ADHD, ASD (59 cards)