Neurodiversity

Question 1

name of the learning difficulty that primarily affects skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling

Answer 1

dyslexia

Question 2

give some characteristic features of dyslexia

Answer 2

phonological awareness
verbal memory
verbal processing speed issues

Question 3

a diagnosis of dyslexia can only be carried out by an appropriately qualified professional, name 2 such people

Answer 3

specialist teacher
educational psychologist

Question 4

name of the specific and persistent difficulty in understanding numbers which can lead to a diverse range of difficulties with maths

Answer 4

dyscalculia

Question 5

true or false, dyscalculia will be unexpected in relation to age, level of education and experience and occurs across all ages and abilities

Answer 5

true

Question 6

diagnosis of dyscalculia should only be made following a diagnostic assessment that is carried out by an appropriately qualified individual, name 2 such people

Answer 6

specialist teacher
educational psychologist

Question 7

full name of the condition that is shortened to DCD

Answer 7

dyspraxia development co ordination disorder

Question 8

name of condition that effects physical coordination and causes a child to perform less well than expected in daily activities for their age and appear to move clumsily

Answer 8

dyspraxia

Question 9

DCD is a medical diagnosis, what 3 things are required to make a diagnosis

Answer 9

medical history
observations
standardised tests

Question 10

what might standardised tests for dyspraxia look at

Answer 10

movement
hand eye coordination
sensory perception

Question 11

who usually makes a diagnosis of DND/ dyspraxia

Answer 11

Specially trained occupational therapist

Question 12

although there is no cure for dcd what can be used to help children manage their difficulties

Answer 12

therapies, reasonable adjustments in school and world

Question 13

describe some different therapies that may be used to help children manage their dnd/ dyspraxia

Answer 13

breaking activities into smaller parts
practicing regularly
adapting tasks
special pencil grips

Question 14

name of disorder defined through analysis of behaviour where people show persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactive impulsivity that interferes with day to day function and or development

Answer 14

adhd

Question 15

although there is no simple test to determine if someone has adhd, what can be used to make an accurate diagnosis

Answer 15

detailed assessment made by a specialist

Question 16

list some different things that might be included in an adhd assessment

Answer 16

physical exam
series of interviews and obs
interviews from significant people

Question 17

what is the purpose of a physical exam when diagnosing adhd

Answer 17

exclude other possible causes for symptoms

Question 18

what significant people may be asked to provide a report about someones behaviour to form part of an adhd assessment

Answer 18

partners
parents
teachers

Question 19

which questionnaire can be used to help collect interviews as part of an adhd diagnosis assessment

Answer 19

vanderbilt

Question 20

adhd is a medical diagnosis and can be diagnosed by a specialist assessment completed by

Answer 20

specialist child or adult psychiatrist
paediatrician
appropriately qualified hcp with training in adhd diagnosis

Question 21

signs and symptoms of adhd can be split into what 3 groups

Answer 21

hyperactivity
impulsivity
inattention

Question 22

list some different symptoms of hyperactivity

Answer 22

constant fidgeting
unable to sit quietly in seat
running
climbing
difficulties relaxing
quick temper

Question 23

list some different symptoms of impulsivity

Answer 23

Act without thinking
Blurt out answers
Saying wrong thing at wrong time
Guessing

Question 24

list some different symptoms of inattention

Answer 24

lack of attention to detail
making careless mistakes
easily distracted
not listening
disorganisation
easily bored

Question 25

what are the 5 different types of medication that are licensed for the treatment of adhd that address hyperactivity

Answer 25

methylphenidate lisdexamfetamine dexamfetamine atomoextine guanfacine

Question 26

true or false medications for adhd will not cure it but may help someone improve their concentration, be less impulsive and feel calmer

Answer 26

true

Question 27

some medications for adhd need to be taken everyday but some are taken just on school days, why are treatment breaks occasionally recommended

Answer 27

assess whether medicine still needed

Question 28

what might melatonin be used for

Answer 28

sleep

Question 29

what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to support with organisation

Answer 29

predictable routine uncluttered environment

Question 30

what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to help with behaviour management

Answer 30

agreed rules recognise and praise effort and attainment frequent feedback

Question 31

what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to help support inattention and distractability

Answer 31

sensory diet minimise waiting time space to self regulate sit away from distractions task boards

Question 32

non pharmacological adjustments that can be made for hyperactivity

Answer 32

breaks between tasks break up tasks fiddle toys limit screen time

Question 33

of lifelong development disability that affects how a person communicates with and related to other people and how they experience the world around them

Answer 33

autism

Question 34

true or false, autism is not a neurological difference in brain development that has a marked effect on how a person develops

Answer 34

false

Question 35

why can diagnosing autism be difficult

Answer 35

no medical test for diagnosis

Question 36

what might professionals look at in children to make a diagnosis of autism

Answer 36

development history and behaviour

Question 37

true or false, autism is a mutlidisciplinary diagnosis

Answer 37

true made by professionals: speech and language therapist educational psychiatrist psychiatrist

Question 38

the autism spectrum isnt linear and many people talk about the spikey profile, what does this mean

Answer 38

an autistic person could be a nuclear science expert but forget to brush their teeth or clean their clothes

Question 39

what strategies can be used to support communication with autistic people

Answer 39

cue in by name hobbies to engage say less and slowly repeat, dont rephrase pause less non verbal communication be aware of environment avoid irony and sarcasm visuals to support

Question 40

what strategies can be used to support social understanding in people with autism

Answer 40

use visuals demonstrate practise scripts break down steps use less non verbal comm

Question 41

// workshop adhd describes children who have difficulty in paying attention and whose behaviour is overactive and impulse. an imbalance of which hormone is thought to be prevalent which controls reflective thought

Answer 41

dopamine

Question 42

what parent support strategies can you recommend for a child with adhd

Answer 42

clear routine set boundaries clear instructions be positive watch for signs calm space sleep exercise socialise patience

Question 43

medication for adhd can be offered in children and young people over x years old if they fulfil certain criteria

Answer 43

5

Question 44

a course of what can be considered in young people with adhd who have benefitted from medication but whose symptoms are still causing significant impairment in at least one of the following domains: social skills with peers problem solving self control active listening dealing with expressing feelings

Answer 44

CBT

Question 45

for adhd management what is the first line measurement in people aged over 5 years

Answer 45

methylphenidate

Question 46

under normal circumstances what brain structure regulates attention, behaviour and emotion

Answer 46

prefrontal cortex

Question 47

what symptoms might be observed if there are deficits in the prefrontal cortex

Answer 47

poor impulse control weak sustained attention heightened distractability

Question 48

how does methylphenidate stimulate the pre frontal cortex to help improve attention, behaviour and concentration

Answer 48

inhibits reuptake of dopamine and NAd

Question 49

what hormone is produced naturally in the brain in response to darkness and helps maintain a health sleep wake cycle but may need to be prescribed for use in patients with adhd

Answer 49

melatonin

Question 50

melatonin must be prescribed by an appropriate hcp, give one example

Answer 50

consultabt

Question 51

give some counselling advice for melatonin/ Adaflex

Answer 51

dose taken 30-60 mins before bed on an empty stomach 2 hrs before or after food if miss a dose, wait until next day and give next dose as normal