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Finals > Neurodiversity > Flashcards

Neurodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

name of the learning difficulty that primarily affects skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling

A

dyslexia

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2
Q

give some characteristic features of dyslexia

A

phonological awareness
verbal memory
verbal processing speed issues

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3
Q

a diagnosis of dyslexia can only be carried out by an appropriately qualified professional, name 2 such people

A

specialist teacher
educational psychologist

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4
Q

name of the specific and persistent difficulty in understanding numbers which can lead to a diverse range of difficulties with maths

A

dyscalculia

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5
Q

true or false, dyscalculia will be unexpected in relation to age, level of education and experience and occurs across all ages and abilities

A

true

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6
Q

diagnosis of dyscalculia should only be made following a diagnostic assessment that is carried out by an appropriately qualified individual, name 2 such people

A

specialist teacher
educational psychologist

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7
Q

full name of the condition that is shortened to DCD

A

dyspraxia development co ordination disorder

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8
Q

name of condition that effects physical coordination and causes a child to perform less well than expected in daily activities for their age and appear to move clumsily

A

dyspraxia

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9
Q

DCD is a medical diagnosis, what 3 things are required to make a diagnosis

A

medical history
observations
standardised tests

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10
Q

what might standardised tests for dyspraxia look at

A

movement
hand eye coordination
sensory perception

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11
Q

who usually makes a diagnosis of DND/ dyspraxia

A

Specially trained occupational therapist

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12
Q

although there is no cure for dcd what can be used to help children manage their difficulties

A

therapies, reasonable adjustments in school and world

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13
Q

describe some different therapies that may be used to help children manage their dnd/ dyspraxia

A

breaking activities into smaller parts
practicing regularly
adapting tasks
special pencil grips

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14
Q

name of disorder defined through analysis of behaviour where people show persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactive impulsivity that interferes with day to day function and or development

A

adhd

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15
Q

although there is no simple test to determine if someone has adhd, what can be used to make an accurate diagnosis

A

detailed assessment made by a specialist

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16
Q

list some different things that might be included in an adhd assessment

A

physical exam
series of interviews and obs
interviews from significant people

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17
Q

what is the purpose of a physical exam when diagnosing adhd

A

exclude other possible causes for symptoms

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18
Q

what significant people may be asked to provide a report about someones behaviour to form part of an adhd assessment

A

partners
parents
teachers

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19
Q

which questionnaire can be used to help collect interviews as part of an adhd diagnosis assessment

A

vanderbilt

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20
Q

adhd is a medical diagnosis and can be diagnosed by a specialist assessment completed by

A

specialist child or adult psychiatrist
paediatrician
appropriately qualified hcp with training in adhd diagnosis

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21
Q

signs and symptoms of adhd can be split into what 3 groups

A

hyperactivity
impulsivity
inattention

22
Q

list some different symptoms of hyperactivity

A

constant fidgeting
unable to sit quietly in seat
running
climbing
difficulties relaxing
quick temper

23
Q

list some different symptoms of impulsivity

A

Act without thinking
Blurt out answers
Saying wrong thing at wrong time
Guessing

24
Q

list some different symptoms of inattention

A

lack of attention to detail
making careless mistakes
easily distracted
not listening
disorganisation
easily bored

25
Q

what are the 5 different types of medication that are licensed for the treatment of adhd that address hyperactivity

A

methylphenidate
lisdexamfetamine
dexamfetamine
atomoextine
guanfacine

26
Q

true or false medications for adhd will not cure it but may help someone improve their concentration, be less impulsive and feel calmer

A

true

27
Q

some medications for adhd need to be taken everyday but some are taken just on school days, why are treatment breaks occasionally recommended

A

assess whether medicine still needed

28
Q

what might melatonin be used for

A

sleep

29
Q

what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to support with organisation

A

predictable routine
uncluttered environment

30
Q

what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to help with behaviour management

A

agreed rules
recognise and praise effort and attainment
frequent feedback

31
Q

what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to help support inattention and distractability

A

sensory diet
minimise waiting time
space to self regulate
sit away from distractions
task boards

32
Q

non pharmacological adjustments that can be made for hyperactivity

A

breaks between tasks
break up tasks
fiddle toys
limit screen time

33
Q

of lifelong development disability that affects how a person communicates with and related to other people and how they experience the world around them

A

autism

34
Q

true or false, autism is not a neurological difference in brain development that has a marked effect on how a person develops

A

false

35
Q

why can diagnosing autism be difficult

A

no medical test for diagnosis

36
Q

what might professionals look at in children to make a diagnosis of autism

A

development history and behaviour

37
Q

true or false, autism is a mutlidisciplinary diagnosis

A

true
made by professionals: speech and language therapist
educational psychiatrist
psychiatrist

38
Q

the autism spectrum isnt linear and many people talk about the spikey profile, what does this mean

A

an autistic person could be a nuclear science expert but forget to brush their teeth or clean their clothes

39
Q

what strategies can be used to support communication with autistic people

A

cue in by name
hobbies to engage
say less and slowly
repeat, dont rephrase
pause
less non verbal communication
be aware of environment
avoid irony and sarcasm
visuals to support

40
Q

what strategies can be used to support social understanding in people with autism

A

use visuals
demonstrate
practise scripts
break down steps
use less non verbal comm

41
Q

// workshop

adhd describes children who have difficulty in paying attention and whose behaviour is overactive and impulse. an imbalance of which hormone is thought to be prevalent which controls reflective thought

A

dopamine

42
Q

what parent support strategies can you recommend for a child with adhd

A

clear routine
set boundaries
clear instructions
be positive
watch for signs
calm space
sleep
exercise
socialise
patience

43
Q

medication for adhd can be offered in children and young people over x years old if they fulfil certain criteria

A

5

44
Q

a course of what can be considered in young people with adhd who have benefitted from medication but whose symptoms are still causing significant impairment in at least one of the following domains:

social skills with peers
problem solving
self control
active listening
dealing with expressing feelings

A

CBT

45
Q

for adhd management what is the first line measurement in people aged over 5 years

A

methylphenidate

46
Q

under normal circumstances what brain structure regulates attention, behaviour and emotion

A

prefrontal cortex

47
Q

what symptoms might be observed if there are deficits in the prefrontal cortex

A

poor impulse control
weak sustained attention
heightened distractability

48
Q

how does methylphenidate stimulate the pre frontal cortex to help improve attention, behaviour and concentration

A

inhibits reuptake of dopamine and NAd

49
Q

what hormone is produced naturally in the brain in response to darkness and helps maintain a health sleep wake cycle but may need to be prescribed for use in patients with adhd

A

melatonin

50
Q

melatonin must be prescribed by an appropriate hcp, give one example

A

consultabt

51
Q

give some counselling advice for melatonin/ Adaflex

A

dose taken 30-60 mins before bed
on an empty stomach 2 hrs before or after food
if miss a dose, wait until next day and give next dose as normal

Finals (30 decks)

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