Neurodiversity

Question 1

What is adaptive behaviour

Answer 1

Conceptual, social and practical abilities (communication, self-care, functional academics, social skills, work)

Question 2

the 4 domains of measuring adaptive behaviour

Answer 2

Communication
Daily living/personal living skills
Socialization/social interaction skills
Motor skills

Question 3

the challenges of assessing intelligence

Answer 3

IQ tests not made to take into account sensory, motor, and language deficits that can contribute to poor performance

When people have had sheltered or limited experiences because of their disability/lived in isolated institutions, their testing performance may be biased as the test environment is unnatural and overwhelming

Question 4

What is acquiescence

Answer 4

Tendency for people with disabilities to answer yes or affirmatively in interviews

Contributed to be
□ Social desirability
□ Motivational and personality factors

Question 5

Genetic causes of neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 5

Dominant inheritance

Recessive inheritance

X-linked inheritance

Chromosomal abnormalities

Metabolic disorders

Question 6

Environmental causes of neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 6

Prenatal environment
- maternal infections
HIV
FASD
Drugs

Birth related causes
-prematurity or oxygen depravation

Postnatal environment factors
-psychosocial disadvantage

Question 7

Down syndrome - extra chromosome (Trisomy 21)

Answer 7

Physical/health problems

Intellectual impairment ranges from mild to severe (most in the mild to moderate range)

Difficulties in expressive language

Early intervention and education have been shown to contribute to the development and adaptive functioning of people with Down syndrome

Question 7

People with ID are at increased risk of developing emotional and behavioural problems because

Answer 7

Symptomology often presents in different way do to the pathoplastic effects of the cognitive impairment of the expression of psychopathology

Question 7

Fragile X-syndrome

Answer 7

X-linked: fragile or weakened site on the X chromosome, larger FMR-1 gene on this chromosome is the cause
Has triplet nucleotide repeats

Cognitive, behavioural and physical symptoms
More pronounced in males

Question 8

What is a dual diagnosis

Answer 8

ID and serious behavioural/psychiatric disorder

Question 9

Dignity of risk

Answer 9

Refers to the right of individuals who choose to take some risk in engaging in life experiences and the consequences that are associated with those risks

Question 10

What differences emerge in individuals with autism before the age of three

Answer 10

Social interaction

communication

adaptive behaviours

Interest and activities

Question 11

What are some ways in language use that neurodiverse folk communicate

Answer 11

Echolalia
§ Repeat another person’s words or phrases using the same or similar intonation

Pronoun reversak
§ Refer to themselves as ‘he’ or ‘she’ rather than ‘I’
§ Thought to be related to deficits in joint attention and to difficulties in understanding the perspectives of others
□ Lacking of theory of mind

Saying the same things over and over

Question 12

Between global and local processing, a individuals with autism are more inclined to process

Answer 12

locally

Question 13

What are some explanations for rise in ASD diagnoses

Answer 13

paternal age

environmental toxins

Question 14

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)
and early intensive behavioural intervention (EIBI)

Answer 14

very effective

focus on cognitive, communication and behavioural difficulties

reinforce behaviours that will help

early intervention is key

Question 15

What indicates intellectual disability

Answer 15

differences in intellectual functioning
-reasoning, problem solving, experiential learning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning

differences in adaptive functioning
-living without support, being able to take care of yourself, functioning in activities of daily life and across multiple environments

onset during childhood

Question 16

Diagnostic criteria of Learning Disorders
- reflects a disruption in the normal pattern of explicit learning of academic skills

Answer 16

Persistent difficulties learning and using key academic skills despite the provision of interventions that target those difficulties

Performance of academic skills that are well below average for chronological age

Appearance of the learning difficulties in school years

Recognition that learning difficulties are not attributable to other neurological conditions or intellectual disabilities

One of six symptoms need to have persisted for at least six months