Neuroendocrine System Flashcards
(22 cards)
Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)
glandular tissue
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary form a portal system called the hypothalamic - hypophysial portal system
hypothalamus secretes hormones which either stimulate or inhibit the production and release of anterior pituitary hormones
Pituitary
housed in a boney structure called the sella turcica
connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibulum (pituitary stalk)
has two parts:
- anterior - glandular tissue (adenohypophysis)
- posterior - neural tissue (neurohypophysis)
Anterior Pituitary hormones
6
GH - causes liver, kidneys and other organs to produce growth factors that promote increased bone growth
TSH - stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin and triiodothyronine (hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis)
ACTH - stimulates adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroid hormones, especially cortisol (hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis)
FSH - along with LH regulate menstrual cycle and oogenesis in women and regulate testicular hormones and spermatogenesis in men (hypothalamus pituitary gonadal axis)
LH - along with FSH “”
PRL - promotes milk production, thought to play role in sexual drive and function
Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)
cell bodies in the hypothalamus
axons terminate on capillaries in the posterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary only stores hormones and releases them into the blood - it doesn’t synthesize hormones!!
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Vasopressin *ADH - enhances water retention by the kidneys
Oxytocin - stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle during birth; promotes ejection of milk
known as the bonding hormone
thought to play a role in sexual function including orgasm
Hypothalamus
part of the diencephalon
cand be broken down into - medial and lateral areas/anterior to posterior areas
Preoptic region
medial and lateral preoptic nuclei
Anterior (supraoptic) region
periventricular nucleus paraventricular nucleus anterior nucleus suprachiasmatic nucleus supraoptic nucleus lateral hypothalamic nucleus
Middle (tuberal) region
Periventricular nucleus arcuate nucleus dorsomedial nucleus ventromedial nucleus lateral hypothalamic nucleus
Posterior (mamillary) region
posterior nucleus
mamillary body
lateral hypothalamic nucleus
Nuclei involved in ANS
sympathetic and parasympathetic
paraventricular nucleus
dorsomedial nucleus
lateral hypothalamic
Nuclei involved in limbic
connections with the hippocampal formation, amygdala, and thalamic nuclei
mamillary bodies
endocrine and homeostatic functions
hypothalamic hormones control the release of anterior pituitary hormones
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
TRH
PROD - paraventricular nucleus
stimulates thyroid stimulating hormone TSH release from the anterior pituitary
Corticotropin releasing hormone
CRH
PROD - paraventricular nucleus
Stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone release from anterior pituitary
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
PIH
PROD - arcuate nucleus
inhibit prolactin release from anterior pituitary
Growth hormone - releasing hormone
GHRH
PROD - arcuate nucleus
Stimulate growth hormone release from anterior pituitary
lutenizing hormone releasing hormone
LHRH
PROD - preoptic area
stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone release from anterior pituitary. stimulate luteinizing hormone release from anterior pituitary
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
GHIH
PROD - periventricular nucleus
Inhibit growth hormone release from anterior pituitary
Oxytocin
OXY - OXT
PROD - paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus
uterine contraction, lactation, bonding, sexual function
Vasopressin
ADH AVP
PROD - paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus
increase in the permeability to water of the cells of distal tubule and collecting duct in the kidney and thus allows water reabsorption and excretion of concentration urine
Other hypothalamic functions
regulation of circadian rhythms/sleep - suprachiasmatic nucleus
appetite/thirst - lateral hypothalamus, ventromedial nucleus
thermoregulation - anterior nucleus, posterior nucleus
