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Speech Path II > Neurogenic Communication Disorders > Flashcards

Neurogenic Communication Disorders Flashcards

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0
Q

Speech based disorders

A

Apraxia of speech
Dysarthria
Childhood apraxia of speech

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1
Q

Language based disorders

A

Aphasia
Cognitive linguistic impairment
Language of confusion
Language of general intellectual impairment

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2
Q

Dysarthria

A

Group of speech disorders resulting from disturbances in muscular control that causes weakness, slowness, and incoordination of the speech mechanism because of CNS and/or PNS dysfunction
Involvement of respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation, and prosody

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3
Q

Types of dysarthria

A 
Spastic 
Flaccid 
Hypo kinetic 
Hyperkinetic 
Ataxic 
Unilateral upper motor neuron
Mixed
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4
Q

Assessment for dysarthria

A

The assessment of intelligibility of dysarthric speakers

Frenchay dysarthria assessment

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5
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

S- jaw, face, mouth, any feeling in lips, gums, mouth

M- jaw, soft palate, masseur muscle

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6
Q

Facial

A

S- taste anterior 2/3, mucous mem of soft palate and pharynx

M- face muscles, lips, smile, pucker, close eyes, wrinkle forehead

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7
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

S- taste posterior 1/3, mucous mem of the pharynx, middle ear, and mouth
M- pharynx

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8
Q

Vagus

A

S- mucous mem of pharynx, larynx, soft palate, tongue, lungs
M- pharynx and larynx

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9
Q

Hypoglossal

A

M- intrinsic m of tongue

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10
Q

The WHO model

A

Body structure
Body function
Activity/participation
Contextual factors

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11
Q

Motor execution

A

Processing responsible for activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production

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12
Q

Motor planning

A

Refers to the process that defines and sequences articulatory goals prior to their occurrence

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13
Q

Motor programming

A

Establish and prepare flow of motor info across muscles for speech production and specifying the timing and force required for the movements

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14
Q

Categorizing neurogenic speech disorders

A

I - age of onset - acquired or congenital
II - status - acute or chronic
III - course of the disorder - static v progressive v exacerbating
IV - site of lesion - CNS v PNS, bilateral v unilateral, diffuse v focal
V - neurologic diagnosis - VITAMIN D

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15
Q

Causes of neurogenic communication disorders

A 
V - vascular accident 
I - infectious process
T - traumatic insults 
A - allergic/anoxic reaction
M - metabolic disorder 
I - idiopathic disorder
N - neoplasm
D - degenerative disease
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16
Q

Spastic dysarthria

A 
Excessive muscle tone 
Strained/strangled voice quality 
Hypernasality 
Slow rate
mono pitch/low pitch 
short phrases
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17
Q

Flaccid dysarthria

A 
Hypotonia 
Hypoactive reflexes 
Hypernasality 
Breathy voice quality/mono loudness/mono pitch 
Short phrases
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18
Q

Hyperkinetic dysarthria

A 
Variable muscle tone
Sudden/irregular respiratory patterns 
Sudden changes in pitch, loudness  and voice quality 
Inappropriate phrasing 
Damage to basal ganglia
Huntingtons disease
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19
Q

Ataxic dysarthria

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A 
Incoordination
Tremors 
Hypotonia 
Irregular respiratory patterns 
Breathy voice, irregular loudness and pitch 
SOL- cerebellum
20
Q

Unilateral upper motor neuron

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A

Unilateral facial or tongue weakness
Harsh voice quality, reduced loudness
SOL- unilateral damage to motor cortex

21
Q

Apraxia of speech

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A

Impairment of the capacity to program the positioning of speech muscles and the sequencing of muscle movements for the volitional production of phonemes
Not result of weakness or discoordination
Articulation and prosody affected
Inconsistent errors

22
Q

Assessment for apraxia

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A

Apraxia battery for adults- look for problems with coordinating and planning

23
Q

Aphasia

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A

A language disorder that is acquired sometime after an individual has developed language competence and results from injury to language centers of the brain

24
Sterotopy
True words used in a unit
25
Ischemic strokes
Blockage of blood flow to cerebral cortex Thrombosis- gradual bird up of plaque in artery and eventually closes it off Embolism- traveling blood clot and lodges itself itself in a particular part of artery
26
Hemorrhagic stroke
Vessel or artery rupture and excessive amounts of blood enter the brain
27
TIA
Transient ischemic attack
28
Arteries that nourish cerebral cortex essential for speech and language production
Left and middle cerebral arteries
29
Anterior aphasias
Nonfluent | Expressive language problems
30
Posterior aphasias
Fluent | Receptive language problems
31
Brocas aphasia
Frontal lobe Fair-good comprehension Nonfluent Agrammatic, difficulty with repetitions, word finding
32
Global aphasia
Diffuse in lobes Poor comprehension Nonfluent Expressive problems, anomia
33
Wernickes aphasia
Temporal lobe Poor comprehension Fluent Meaningless jargon, limited awareness of their issue, word rep, neologisms
34
Conduction aphasia
Arcuate fasciculus Fair-good comprehension Fluent Imitation problems, naming difficulties, normal prosody and artic
35
Anomic
Multiple potential lesion sites Fair to good comprehension Fluent Word finding problems
36
Controllable factors of stroke
``` High blood pressure Arterial fibrillation High cholesterol Diabetes Atherosclerosis Circulation problems Tobacco and smoking Alcohol use Physical inactivity Obesity ```
37
Uncontrollable stroke factors
``` Age Gender Race Family history Pervious stoke or TIA fibromuscular dysplasia Patent foramen ovule ```
38
Aphasia tests
Western aphasia battery (WAB) | Boston diagnostic aphasia examination (BDAE)
39
Functional outcomes testing
Communication abilities of daily living | ASHA functional assessment of communication skills for adults
40
General treatment objectives for AOS
Voluntary control of articulatory postures Voluntary control of sequential articulator movements Promote slower, more deliberate speech Reduce struggle and groping behaviors
41
General treatment objectives for dysarthria
Oral motor development Adequate orofacial postures Integration of orofacial reflexes Improve orofacial muscle tone and strength
42
Articulation errors for dysarthria and apraxia
Dysarthria- distortions and omissions | Apraxia- substitutions, repititions, additions, transpositions, prolongations, omissions, and distortions
43
Right hemisphere dysfunction
``` Left hemi neglect Prosopagnosia Pragmatics Wordy expression Lack of awareness of problems Abstract thinking ```
44
Traumatic brain injury
Personality changes | Widespread language comprehension and expression issues
45
Dementia
Memory impairment | Impairment of cognitive skills
46
Hypokinetic dysarthria
``` Slow movement, rigidity, tremors Shallow breaths Reduced loudness Reduced precision of articulators and range of motion Rapid bursts of speech, long pauses Damage to basal ganglia Parkinson's disease ```
47
Tests for TBI
Glasgow coma scale | Rancho Los amigos levels of cognitive function

Speech Path II (4 decks)

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